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Wednesday, 13 April 2016
Vitu vyakukumbuka uwapo na pesa
usipokuwa na malengo huwezi jizuia/MAISHA
Huwezi kuwa na nidhamu ya Muda na pesa kama huna MALENGO
JE UNAMALENGO GANI?NDANI YA MUDA GANI?MALENGO NA MUDA HUENDA SAMBAMBA SPEED YAKO YAKUFIKIA UNACHOTAKA INATEGEMEANA NA MUDA ULIO UTENGA.
KAMA UNAMALENGO NA HUJAWEKA MUDA WAKUYAFIKIA...KUA MAKINI...MUDA UNAENDA..
Kila PESA unayopata kila wiki/mwezi/siku
ANZA KWANZA NA MUNGU MPE CHAKE WALAU 10% LAZIMA
THEN 5% SADAKA NA MISAADA
HAKIKISHA 20% YA FEDHA YAKO UMEWEKA AKIBA
-walau kila mwaka au mwezi kutokana nakipato chako jitahidi kuwa kumbuka wazazi wako au walez au yoyote aliekusaidia kufika ulipo...wachungaji...Ukijenga tabia yaku wapa zawadi watu hawa nivizuri.
Then kula,kunywa,endelea na familia na maisha unahitaji
-Kwa MTU yoyote anaemwamini Mungu na nguvu ya fungu lakumi usiache kutoa na kusisitiza tena usiache wala usicheleweshe
Ugumu wa maisha wakati mwingine unachangiwa na kula fungu la kumi.
MUNGU KWANZA,UWEKEZAJI,MATUMIZI
MAFANIKIO YAKO
Saturday, 9 April 2016
Questions to ask yourself before finding a business partner
Like a marriage, a business partnership often begins with enthusiasm and high expectations -- only to end in acrimony and legal proceedings. It's important to know as much as possible about a potential partner, including how his or her finances and family life may affect the business, before signing on the dotted line.
Here are some questions to ask before deciding if partnering is a good idea:
1. What do I need from a business partner?
You should look for a business partner who brings something different to the table than you do. If you're creative, maybe you need a more detail-oriented partner. If you have money to invest in the business, you may want to look for a partner with access to a market, or with great connections. Or if you're shy, you might need a good "people person" to balance the equation. "If they're similar to you, it might be more comfortable, but it may not be what you need," says William M. Moore, founder of the Moore Firm in San Diego, a law firm that serves entrepreneurs. "You need someone who complements your skills and personality."
2. What is your potential partner's financial situation?
It is important to have an understanding of someone's financial status and commitments before getting into a venture together. "It is tough to ask what they are currently spending on a house or in payments to an ex-spouse, but someone's prior financial commitments shape the decisions they will make in the short term," says Gregory Kratofil, an attorney and shareholder with the law firm Polsinelli Shughart in Kansas City, Mo., who specializes in small business interests. "If he has large outstanding obligations, but says he can get by on $35,000 salary, it is a red flag."
3. What are the potential partner's expectations on the time involved?
Partners don't have to spend the same amount of time, but it is important that they are on the same page as to each other's expected time commitments. How many hours a day does your partner expect to put into the venture, and do his expectations meet yours? "It is equally important to level set your partner's expectations on your time commitments," Kratofil says. "The age old adage that it's better to under-promise and over-deliver applies here."
4. Is your potential partner's commitment to the business as strong as yours?
"I don't care if it's a coffee house or a design firm, the business partner's commitment has to equal yours," says Bob Phibbs, consultant and CEO of The Retail Doctor, a site that provides information to small and medium-sized businesses. A partnership -- especially one between friends -- can start off with fun and excitement, but within a short time, the slog of every day catches up with you. If they're not as committed to the business as you, they may lose their enthusiasm and may actually be damaging the brand every time you open your doors.
5. Is there something in your potential partner's family life that might make the business a secondary interest?
If your potential partner has a pregnant wife or is taking care of an elderly parent, he may be distracted from the business. That's why you have to be brutally honest when thinking of forming a partnership. "The partner can say, 'My wife is behind me 100 percent.' But I want to talk to the wife," Phibbs says. "If they're too distracted by a family issue or their family isn't behind them, the business may be doomed from the start."
6. How would he or she handle a tough situation?
It's important to know what your potential business partner will do if he has his back up against the wall -- and it will happen, Phibbs says. The best way to discover this is to look at what he's done in past business ventures. If he couldn't meet payroll, for example: Did he do the right thing and dip into savings or borrow from a credit card or a friend? Or did he pay employees late, or not at all? Or worse, did he skip paying payroll taxes? It all comes down to character issue, Phibbs says, adding, "Payroll taxes are a federal obligation. If that's negotiable, you can bet your partnership is also negotiable."
7. What questions do they have for me?
If a potential employee doesn't ask any questions in a job interview, you might be less likely to hire him because of a perceived lack of interest. The same applies to a potential business partner, who should want to know about your character, reliability and expectations. "I want them to ask me the same tough questions I ask them. If they say it doesn't really matter, it could mean two things: their expectations are too high or they might be kind of flighty," Phibbs says. "Things may be fine now, but in a month or two, they may want to change things or even get out of the deal."
8. What is the potential partner's standing in the community?
A lot of people seem good at first, but that may be their skill -- seeming good at first, Moore says. Once they get their foot in the door, it may be difficult to get them out. Talk to former employees to see what they were like to work with, or for. If you're looking for someone with money connections, verify that they have money. If they say they have great connections, see if those connections go beyond just being recognized and given a slap on the back. "A business partnership is not a marriage, but there should be some sort of courtship process that you can verify that they are who they say they are," Moore says.
9. Are they willing to put everything in writing?
Many partnerships are cemented with a handshake, but this can be a recipe for disaster. It's crucial to put it on paper -- not only what is expected of each partner, but the consequences if expectations aren't met. "There's something about actually putting it in writing that exposes the potential problem areas in the partnership," Moore says. If someone has a family emergency and disappears the first six months of the business -- even though it may not be through any fault of his own -- are you still expected to give that person a certain percentage of the business? "If someone simply isn't pulling his or her weight, you need to be able to get them out without destroying the business," he adds. "And if it's in writing, there's no arguing it."
10. Do I really need a partner?
If you can get someone to do something without giving them a stake in your business, it's always better, Moore says. People get wrapped up in the idea of needing to work with someone, bu
Advantages and disadvantages of having a business partner
Some of the advantages of working with a partner include:
1. Twice as Much Manpower
When you work with a business partner, you can do twice as much work. A lot of work goes into building a business. You need to do marketing research, networking, research and development, sales pitches, and meet with potential lenders or investors. All of this can overwhelm a business owner. In the early stages of a new venture, you may not have the resources to hire employees to assist you. Thus, you may need a partner you can trust to share the burdens of starting a new business.
2. Diversity in Skills
A business partner may bring an entirely new skill set to the table. One business partner may have a background in engineering and research, while the other excels at sales and networking. Taking advantage of utilizing the differing skill sets can help the business succeed. In addition, working with a business partner allows you to divide up tasks according to strengths, conserving time and eliminating duplication of efforts.
3. Different Perspectives
Business owners need an outside perspective to avoid tunnel vision. You might think that you have the best idea or solution to a problem, and readily invest capital into your business plans. Successful entrepreneurs have faith in their ideas, but may need someone else to put things in perspective. The decision-making process becomes easier and more realistic when two or more people objectively evaluate ideas and share their concerns and feedback.
4. Someone to Hold You Accountable
Some people become lackadaisical when they begin a business. They may have a hard time maintaining the discipline needed to stay motivated. Partners keep each other on the ball, and hold each other accountable for any mistakes.
5. Someone to Evaluate Ideas
Business partners talk to each other about their ideas. Many entrepreneurs have trouble maintaining objectivity when initiating a new business idea. A business partner helps you realistically evaluate new ideas and business plans for potential flaws. Your business partner can also build off your ideas, offering more input to refine your plan, so you have a better chance of succeeding.
6. Networking Opportunities
Networking is a fundamental aspect of business. Every time you meet someone, you have the opportunity to meet even more people through that person’s network. You need many connections to succeed in business. Having a partner gives you the opportunity to expand your list of contacts, and multiply your numbers of potential clients, investors, suppliers, and mentors.
7. Ability to Keeps Things in Perspective
Entrepreneurs often ride a roller coaster of emotions. Sometimes they become too pessimistic and other times they feel overconfident. Pessimism and too much confidence can both hinder a new business plan. A partner can help you keep everything in perspective and not get distracted by fluctuating emotions.
Disadvantages of Working with a Business Partner
A bad business partnership typically happens when an entrepreneur chooses the wrong partner,
Some of the disadvantages of working with a business partner include:
1. Different Work Ethics
Many entrepreneurs find themselves working with partners who don’t share their enthusiasm or passion for business. Partners who can’t meet deadlines, follow up with clients, or follow through with their responsibilities can bankrupt an established business or a new business venture.
Many entrepreneurs find themselves working with partners who don’t share their enthusiasm or passion for business. Partners who can’t meet deadlines, follow up with clients, or follow through with their responsibilities can bankrupt an established business or a new business venture.
Unscrupulous business partners can also contribute to the downfall of a business.
2. Lack of Experience
Some business partners don’t have the experience or skills to do their job successfully.
Some business partners don’t have the experience or skills to do their job successfully.
3. Disagreement on Direction
A poor choice of a business partner causes major problems for any business. Sometimes, even working with a motivated, talented, and brilliant partner also causes problems. Business partners may disagree on the long-term goals for the company. They may spend weeks or months bickering over key decisions. Disagreements between partners may consume resources, cause stress to other employees or lead to inconsistent business practices.
A poor choice of a business partner causes major problems for any business. Sometimes, even working with a motivated, talented, and brilliant partner also causes problems. Business partners may disagree on the long-term goals for the company. They may spend weeks or months bickering over key decisions. Disagreements between partners may consume resources, cause stress to other employees or lead to inconsistent business practices.
4. Sharing Profits
When you have a business partner, you have to split the profits. Entrepreneurs happily share profits with partners when they bring additional value to the firm. If your partner does not increase business enough to justify their involvement, however, they shouldn’t receive a share of the profits. If you make the same amount of money with a partner as you do without a partner, you may have selected the wrong person to help you run your business.
When you have a business partner, you have to split the profits. Entrepreneurs happily share profits with partners when they bring additional value to the firm. If your partner does not increase business enough to justify their involvement, however, they shouldn’t receive a share of the profits. If you make the same amount of money with a partner as you do without a partner, you may have selected the wrong person to help you run your business.
5. Complicated Relationships
When people go into business with someone close to them, they risk damaging the relationship. Business partners often have differences in opinions. Sometimes, those disagreements can lead to serious misunderstandings. Because of this, a bad business partnership can devastate a relationship when the partner is a friend, spouse, or family member.
When people go into business with someone close to them, they risk damaging the relationship. Business partners often have differences in opinions. Sometimes, those disagreements can lead to serious misunderstandings. Because of this, a bad business partnership can devastate a relationship when the partner is a friend, spouse, or family member.
6. Liability for Your Partner’s Actions
You take responsibility for whatever happens in your business. If your partner violates any laws, you may end up in court, too. This can lead to a fine for violating government regulations, a lawsuit in the case of a civil tort or if you are found liable for damages, or possible imprisonment in the event your partner commits a criminal act.
You take responsibility for whatever happens in your business. If your partner violates any laws, you may end up in court, too. This can lead to a fine for violating government regulations, a lawsuit in the case of a civil tort or if you are found liable for damages, or possible imprisonment in the event your partner commits a criminal act.
When you have a business partner, you have the added stress of making sure you know everything your partner is doing.
7. Your Reputation on the Line
Even if your partner doesn’t break the law, his or her actions may come back to haunt you. A shady or dishonest partner may lead to widespread distrust of your company. This may permanently damage your reputation. People
Even if your partner doesn’t break the law, his or her actions may come back to haunt you. A shady or dishonest partner may lead to widespread distrust of your company. This may permanently damage your reputation. People
DONT DO EVERYTHING FOR ANYTHING
Money says;find me and forget everything
Time says;followe and forget everything
Future says;struggle for me and forget everything
Heart says; do for me and forget everything
Ego says; collect everything for me and leave others without anything
But God says only remember me by abiding and adhering yourself to me through my grace and love and I will give you everything in my will which is best for you and which last forever.
You can do anything but don't abandon everything for just one thing....its OK to be someone you have studied to be but don't abandon what you are born doing ...
Be who ever but don't forget who you are...
Time says;followe and forget everything
Future says;struggle for me and forget everything
Heart says; do for me and forget everything
Ego says; collect everything for me and leave others without anything
But God says only remember me by abiding and adhering yourself to me through my grace and love and I will give you everything in my will which is best for you and which last forever.
You can do anything but don't abandon everything for just one thing....its OK to be someone you have studied to be but don't abandon what you are born doing ...
Be who ever but don't forget who you are...
Monday, 4 April 2016
How to become a famous business person..
The benefits of fame are clear.
Not celebrity fame, but business fame.
1. Landing clients becomes a cinch
2. Befriending influential people becomes easier than ever
3. And, the more people that know you, the more people YOU can help.
The question is how can you become “business famous?”
Become Famous
 by Alexio Fame

If you are reading this, it's probably your dream to Become Famous one day. But Becoming famous is not as hard, as everyone makes to be.
The hard part is keeping that celebrity status.
Go on any Social Media site, like YouTube and you will see people becoming celebrities overnight by doing almost anything ....
Is your goal to JUST become famous and be forgotten about within a month, then skip to the end of the article. But if you want to become famous and retain your celebrity status keep on reading.
In order to become famous and at the same time grow on your newly acquired celebrity status, you need to do the following:
Step 1: Create a Celebrity Image
Step 2: Find Your It Factor or Decide on a Reputation
Step 3: Get Exposure
HOW TO BECOME A FAMOUS BUSINESSPERSON
There are any number of businessmen who are successful. Your neighborhood must contain some of them.
How to Become Famous?
Be a Gentleman
Look at all famous businessmen. They had become famous for a variety of reasons. Ratan Tata, for instance, is known as a gentleman extraordinary. A bachelor, have you heard anything untoward said about him? And, he has money to burn! He could get anything in the world and anyone at his beck and call! He is famous for his integrity and honesty. Follow him to glory.
Be Innovative
Take the Ambani brothers. The brothers represent daring and inventiveness. They have, of course, wherewithal but how many very rich businessmen attempt everything these two do? They always think on a global scale and achieve their goal, come what may. If you can do that, you are on your way to becoming famous.
No Non-Sense Approach
Some business people are known by their non-nonsense approach to workers and their dealings with the clients. It is, in a way, easy to run a business this way. Everybody would know that you would raise hell when he fails in his job. So you become famous for digging your hells in and not budging an inch.
Famous at Small Scale
You are not a businessman on that scale? That should not really matter. A small businessman who contributes to the local welfare can become famous. Sponsor local sports and cultural programmes. Business people in movie production are famous too. Best of all, you can join politics, you are likely to become a famous businessman cum politician.
Friday, 1 April 2016
ELIMU YA UJASILIAMALI JUU YA UKULIMA WA MAHINDI
Upandaji wa Mahindi
1. Mbegu Upandaji wa mahindi unatakiwa ufanyike pale tu mvua zinapoanza kunyesha, kuchelewa kupanda mahindi kwa siku moja hupunguza uzalishaji wa mmea kwa asilimia 1 hadi 2. Kupanda mbegu za mahindi katika hecta moja kwa mkono kunahitaji angalau siku tano hadi kumi. Mbegu huwekwa kwenye shimo lenye urefu wa sentimita tano ili kuzuia kuchipua kutokana na mvua zisizo za kweli. Kwa ekari moja kilo 8 hadi 10 za mbegu za mahindi zitahitajika na kilo 25 kwa hecta. Ili kuwa na mahindi yaliyosimama vizuri, inashauriwa kuacha nafasi ya sentimita 75 (mstari kwa mstari) na sentimita 30 (mbegu kwa mbegu) ambazo zitatoa mazao ya mahindi 44,000 kwa hecta moja katika maeneo yenye mvua za kutosha. Au unaweza kuweka nafasi ya 75×25 ambayo itatoa mimea 53,000 kwa hecta moja. Katika maeneo ambayo ni makavu sana inashauriwa kuongeza ukubwa wa nafasi hadi angalau 90×30.
2. Magugu Kupalilia mahindi kunatakiwa kufanyike wiki 4 hadi 6 za mwazo baada ya kujitokeza kwani magugu husababisha uharibifu mkubwa katika mahindi kwa kuchukua virutubisho ambavyo vingetumika kama chakula cha mmea. i) Gugu chawi/sani (striga) ii)Bungua weupe wa kahawia (stalk borer)
3. Mbolea
iii) Bungua/viwavi/Funza (stem borer) Mbolea ambazo zina chumvi chumvi na zenye kuyeyuka haraka kwenye maji huleta madhara yafuatayo: Huzuia viumbehai kukua hivyo kuharibu udongo. Hulazimisha mimea kutumia hizi chumvi chumvi hata kama mimea haizihitaji. Mimea inapotumia hizi chumvi chumvi kwa kulazimishwa ukuaji wake huvurugika na kusababisha upungufu wa afya na kinga hivyo kufanya mimea iweze kuathiriwa na magonjwa pamoja na wadudu. Inashauriwa kutumia mbolea ambazo ni endelevu/hai na haziyeyuki haraka kwenye maji kwa mfano samadi, mboji na mabaki ya mimea ambazo ni nzuri kwa udongo, mimea, mazingira, afya na faida zake ni za muda mrefu. Kama ukitumia samadi au mboji, inashauriwa kuchanganya mbolea hizi katika udongo kabla ya kupanda mahindi ili kusaidia kurutubisha ardhi na kuupa mmea chakula na nguvu, baada ya mimea kuota inatakiwa kuendelea kuweka mbolea hizi mara kwa mara. Pia mbolea hai/endelevu husaidia kuhifadhi unyevu nyevu na kupunguza ukaukaji wa udongo. Madini ya nitrogen, phosphorous na potassium hupatikana kwenye mbolea hai kama vile samadi, mboji, mimea mibichi yenye uwezo wa kutengeneza nitrogen, mkojo wa mnyama na majivu. Inashauriwa kuhakikisha kuwa udongo wako unapitisha hewa ya kutosha ili kusaidia viumbehai waishio kwenye udongo wanaozalisha hivi virutubisho kuweza kukua.
4. Kukomaa na kuvuna Kukomaa kwa mahindi hutofautiana kutokana na aina ya mbegu iliyotumika. Lakini mahindi mengi huwa yamekomaa baada ya miezi mitano hadi saba. Majani ya muhindi yakianza kukauka ni ishara kuwa mahindi yamekomaa na inashauriwa kuyavuna mara moja na kuyahifadhi vizuri ili kuzuia hasara ambazo zitatokea kutokana na kuharibiwa na magonjwa au wadudu shambani kama yakicheleweshwa.
Kilimo Mseto (mchanganyiko) Kilimo mseto (mchanganyiko) ni aina ya kilimo ambayo inajumuisha kupanda mazao mawili au zaidi kwenye shamba moja katika wakati mmoja. Aina hii ya kilimo inajumuishwa na kilimo hai au kilimo endelevu na inafanyika katika maeneo mengi. Katika kilimo mchanganyiko, zao moja huwa muhimu kwasababu za kiuchumi au chakula na zao jingine au mazao mengine hupandwa ili kusaidia hilo zao muhimu. Dhumuni la kupanda mmea zaidi ya mmoja kwenye shamba ni kuongeza mavuno kutoka shambani kwa kutumia ardhi ambayo isingeweza kutumika yote kupanda mmea mmoja. Ni muhimu kufanya tathmini ya kina ili kuhakikisha kuwa mimea haitagombania maji, mwanga wa jua, nafasi ya kukulia na virutubisho vingine kutoka katika udongo. Namna moja wapo ya kilimo mseto/mchanganyiko ni kupanda mmea wenye mizizi mirefu pamoja na mmea wenye mizizi mifupi au kupanda mmea mrefu wenye kuhitaji jua pamoja na mmea mfupi ambao hauhitaji sana jua. Hapa mmea mrefu utausaidia mmea mfupi kwa kuukinga na mwanga wa moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye jua. Miongoni mwa mazao ambayo yanaweza kupandwa pamoja na mahindi ni pamoja na Maharage, Njegere, karanga na Soya (jamii ya kunde). Namna ya kilimo mseto kwaajili ya kufukuza wadudu na kuzuia magugu (Sukuma-Vuta) Sukuma-Vuta ni mfumo wa kilimo ambao hutumika katika kufukuza wadudu waharibifu na kuzuia magugu maharibifu kwenye mahindi. Mfumo huu ni rahisi na nafuu kuunda. Itahitaji kuwa na majani ya Napier/Elephant grass (matembo tembo) na Desmodium katika kutengeneza huu mfumo. Desmodium hupandwa katikati ya mistari ya mahindi na hutoa harufu ambayo bungua/viwavi (stem borer) hawaipendi hivyo kuwafanya wasije kwenye mahindi. Napier grass (matembo tembo) hupandwa kuzunguka matuta ya mahindi, hutumika kama mtego wa bungua/viwavi (stem borer) kwani bungua hupendelea zaidi haya majani kuliko mahindi na huvutwa kutaga mayai. Lakini matembo tembo hayaruhusu bungua wadogo waliototolewa kukua hivyo hutoa kitu fulani kama gundi ambayo huwanasa. Hii husababisha kutokukua kwa bungua na hivyo kupunguza uharibifu na hasara katika mahindi. Desmodium pia hutumika kuzuia magugu kama vile striga (gugu chawi/sani) ambayo ni maharibifu kuota. Tafiti zinaonyesha kuwa majimaji ambayo hutolewa na desmodium huzuia striga na hivyo striga haziwezi kuota sehemu ambayo desmodium inaota. Pia desmodium husaidia kuongeza madini ya nitrogen kwenye udongo ambayo ni muhimu kwa mahindi kukua na kuzaa. Namna ya kutengeneza mfumo wa Sukuma-Vuta
1. Panda majani ya Napier (matembo tembo) kwenye mipaka ya shamba lako la mahindi.
2. Weka angalau mistari mitatu ya matembo tembo na angalau mikono miwili ya samadi kwenye kila shimo.
3. Katika mwaka wa kwanza, panda matembo tembo kabla ya mvua ili yaanze kuota kabla ya mahindi.
4. Pata mbegu au vijiti vya desmodium na kuvipanda, kama utatumia mbegu kwa ekari moja kilo moja ya mbegu itahitajika na kama utatumia vitawi basi hakikisha kuwa kuna mvua ya kutosha na udongo una unyevunyevu.
5. Tayarisha udongo kwa makini ili kuhakikisha kuwa uko vizuri kisha changanya mbegu za desmodium.
6. Tumia fimbo/kijiti kigumu kilichochongeka kuweka mitaro katika matuta ambapo mahindi yatapandwa.
7. Panda mbegu za mahindi kwenye shamba lililozungukwa na matembo tembo.
8. Baada ya wiki 3 hadi 6, katia majani ya desmodium ili yasizidi katika mahindi. 9. Hakikisha shamba halina magugu mengine ili matembo tembo yaanze pamoja na mahindi. Bungua watapendelea zaidi matembo tembo kuliko mahindi. Faida za kutumia mfumo wa Sukuma-Vuta Kuongeza mavuno ya mahindi kwa asilimia 25 hadi 30 katika maeneo ambayo bungua/viwavi (stem borer) ni tatizo sugu. Kama tatizo ni bungua na striga unaweza kuongeza mavuno mara mbili zaidi. Kuongeza lishe ya ng’ombe kwa kutumia majani ya matembo tembo na desmodium. Kuongeza madini ya nitrogen kwenye udongo ambayo ni muhimu kwa mahindi. Kubakisha unyevu nyevu na kuongeza rutuba kwenye udongo kwa kutumia majani ya desmodium. Kupungua kwa kazi ya kupalilia kwani magugu hupungua au kutoota kabisa. Kukinga mahindi kwa kutumia matembo tembo kuzuia upepo mkali.
1. Mbegu Upandaji wa mahindi unatakiwa ufanyike pale tu mvua zinapoanza kunyesha, kuchelewa kupanda mahindi kwa siku moja hupunguza uzalishaji wa mmea kwa asilimia 1 hadi 2. Kupanda mbegu za mahindi katika hecta moja kwa mkono kunahitaji angalau siku tano hadi kumi. Mbegu huwekwa kwenye shimo lenye urefu wa sentimita tano ili kuzuia kuchipua kutokana na mvua zisizo za kweli. Kwa ekari moja kilo 8 hadi 10 za mbegu za mahindi zitahitajika na kilo 25 kwa hecta. Ili kuwa na mahindi yaliyosimama vizuri, inashauriwa kuacha nafasi ya sentimita 75 (mstari kwa mstari) na sentimita 30 (mbegu kwa mbegu) ambazo zitatoa mazao ya mahindi 44,000 kwa hecta moja katika maeneo yenye mvua za kutosha. Au unaweza kuweka nafasi ya 75×25 ambayo itatoa mimea 53,000 kwa hecta moja. Katika maeneo ambayo ni makavu sana inashauriwa kuongeza ukubwa wa nafasi hadi angalau 90×30.
2. Magugu Kupalilia mahindi kunatakiwa kufanyike wiki 4 hadi 6 za mwazo baada ya kujitokeza kwani magugu husababisha uharibifu mkubwa katika mahindi kwa kuchukua virutubisho ambavyo vingetumika kama chakula cha mmea. i) Gugu chawi/sani (striga) ii)Bungua weupe wa kahawia (stalk borer)
3. Mbolea
iii) Bungua/viwavi/Funza (stem borer) Mbolea ambazo zina chumvi chumvi na zenye kuyeyuka haraka kwenye maji huleta madhara yafuatayo: Huzuia viumbehai kukua hivyo kuharibu udongo. Hulazimisha mimea kutumia hizi chumvi chumvi hata kama mimea haizihitaji. Mimea inapotumia hizi chumvi chumvi kwa kulazimishwa ukuaji wake huvurugika na kusababisha upungufu wa afya na kinga hivyo kufanya mimea iweze kuathiriwa na magonjwa pamoja na wadudu. Inashauriwa kutumia mbolea ambazo ni endelevu/hai na haziyeyuki haraka kwenye maji kwa mfano samadi, mboji na mabaki ya mimea ambazo ni nzuri kwa udongo, mimea, mazingira, afya na faida zake ni za muda mrefu. Kama ukitumia samadi au mboji, inashauriwa kuchanganya mbolea hizi katika udongo kabla ya kupanda mahindi ili kusaidia kurutubisha ardhi na kuupa mmea chakula na nguvu, baada ya mimea kuota inatakiwa kuendelea kuweka mbolea hizi mara kwa mara. Pia mbolea hai/endelevu husaidia kuhifadhi unyevu nyevu na kupunguza ukaukaji wa udongo. Madini ya nitrogen, phosphorous na potassium hupatikana kwenye mbolea hai kama vile samadi, mboji, mimea mibichi yenye uwezo wa kutengeneza nitrogen, mkojo wa mnyama na majivu. Inashauriwa kuhakikisha kuwa udongo wako unapitisha hewa ya kutosha ili kusaidia viumbehai waishio kwenye udongo wanaozalisha hivi virutubisho kuweza kukua.
4. Kukomaa na kuvuna Kukomaa kwa mahindi hutofautiana kutokana na aina ya mbegu iliyotumika. Lakini mahindi mengi huwa yamekomaa baada ya miezi mitano hadi saba. Majani ya muhindi yakianza kukauka ni ishara kuwa mahindi yamekomaa na inashauriwa kuyavuna mara moja na kuyahifadhi vizuri ili kuzuia hasara ambazo zitatokea kutokana na kuharibiwa na magonjwa au wadudu shambani kama yakicheleweshwa.
Kilimo Mseto (mchanganyiko) Kilimo mseto (mchanganyiko) ni aina ya kilimo ambayo inajumuisha kupanda mazao mawili au zaidi kwenye shamba moja katika wakati mmoja. Aina hii ya kilimo inajumuishwa na kilimo hai au kilimo endelevu na inafanyika katika maeneo mengi. Katika kilimo mchanganyiko, zao moja huwa muhimu kwasababu za kiuchumi au chakula na zao jingine au mazao mengine hupandwa ili kusaidia hilo zao muhimu. Dhumuni la kupanda mmea zaidi ya mmoja kwenye shamba ni kuongeza mavuno kutoka shambani kwa kutumia ardhi ambayo isingeweza kutumika yote kupanda mmea mmoja. Ni muhimu kufanya tathmini ya kina ili kuhakikisha kuwa mimea haitagombania maji, mwanga wa jua, nafasi ya kukulia na virutubisho vingine kutoka katika udongo. Namna moja wapo ya kilimo mseto/mchanganyiko ni kupanda mmea wenye mizizi mirefu pamoja na mmea wenye mizizi mifupi au kupanda mmea mrefu wenye kuhitaji jua pamoja na mmea mfupi ambao hauhitaji sana jua. Hapa mmea mrefu utausaidia mmea mfupi kwa kuukinga na mwanga wa moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye jua. Miongoni mwa mazao ambayo yanaweza kupandwa pamoja na mahindi ni pamoja na Maharage, Njegere, karanga na Soya (jamii ya kunde). Namna ya kilimo mseto kwaajili ya kufukuza wadudu na kuzuia magugu (Sukuma-Vuta) Sukuma-Vuta ni mfumo wa kilimo ambao hutumika katika kufukuza wadudu waharibifu na kuzuia magugu maharibifu kwenye mahindi. Mfumo huu ni rahisi na nafuu kuunda. Itahitaji kuwa na majani ya Napier/Elephant grass (matembo tembo) na Desmodium katika kutengeneza huu mfumo. Desmodium hupandwa katikati ya mistari ya mahindi na hutoa harufu ambayo bungua/viwavi (stem borer) hawaipendi hivyo kuwafanya wasije kwenye mahindi. Napier grass (matembo tembo) hupandwa kuzunguka matuta ya mahindi, hutumika kama mtego wa bungua/viwavi (stem borer) kwani bungua hupendelea zaidi haya majani kuliko mahindi na huvutwa kutaga mayai. Lakini matembo tembo hayaruhusu bungua wadogo waliototolewa kukua hivyo hutoa kitu fulani kama gundi ambayo huwanasa. Hii husababisha kutokukua kwa bungua na hivyo kupunguza uharibifu na hasara katika mahindi. Desmodium pia hutumika kuzuia magugu kama vile striga (gugu chawi/sani) ambayo ni maharibifu kuota. Tafiti zinaonyesha kuwa majimaji ambayo hutolewa na desmodium huzuia striga na hivyo striga haziwezi kuota sehemu ambayo desmodium inaota. Pia desmodium husaidia kuongeza madini ya nitrogen kwenye udongo ambayo ni muhimu kwa mahindi kukua na kuzaa. Namna ya kutengeneza mfumo wa Sukuma-Vuta
1. Panda majani ya Napier (matembo tembo) kwenye mipaka ya shamba lako la mahindi.
2. Weka angalau mistari mitatu ya matembo tembo na angalau mikono miwili ya samadi kwenye kila shimo.
3. Katika mwaka wa kwanza, panda matembo tembo kabla ya mvua ili yaanze kuota kabla ya mahindi.
4. Pata mbegu au vijiti vya desmodium na kuvipanda, kama utatumia mbegu kwa ekari moja kilo moja ya mbegu itahitajika na kama utatumia vitawi basi hakikisha kuwa kuna mvua ya kutosha na udongo una unyevunyevu.
5. Tayarisha udongo kwa makini ili kuhakikisha kuwa uko vizuri kisha changanya mbegu za desmodium.
6. Tumia fimbo/kijiti kigumu kilichochongeka kuweka mitaro katika matuta ambapo mahindi yatapandwa.
7. Panda mbegu za mahindi kwenye shamba lililozungukwa na matembo tembo.
8. Baada ya wiki 3 hadi 6, katia majani ya desmodium ili yasizidi katika mahindi. 9. Hakikisha shamba halina magugu mengine ili matembo tembo yaanze pamoja na mahindi. Bungua watapendelea zaidi matembo tembo kuliko mahindi. Faida za kutumia mfumo wa Sukuma-Vuta Kuongeza mavuno ya mahindi kwa asilimia 25 hadi 30 katika maeneo ambayo bungua/viwavi (stem borer) ni tatizo sugu. Kama tatizo ni bungua na striga unaweza kuongeza mavuno mara mbili zaidi. Kuongeza lishe ya ng’ombe kwa kutumia majani ya matembo tembo na desmodium. Kuongeza madini ya nitrogen kwenye udongo ambayo ni muhimu kwa mahindi. Kubakisha unyevu nyevu na kuongeza rutuba kwenye udongo kwa kutumia majani ya desmodium. Kupungua kwa kazi ya kupalilia kwani magugu hupungua au kutoota kabisa. Kukinga mahindi kwa kutumia matembo tembo kuzuia upepo mkali.
Never blame a day in yo life
Dear friend never blame a day in your life;Good days give you happiness and bad days give you a special experience about life and the way you have or you need to undergo.Both are essential in life and are God's given and blessings pray and allow yourself to God himself can know how to take care of you in both.I am wishing you a wonderful experience in life my friend
NUTRITIONAL TIPS FOR WOMEN
Dietary surveys show that adolescents do not meet age and gender nutrients recommended and have inadequate intake of calcium, iron, thiamine,riboflavin and vitamin A &C....(Skiba 1997).
1.Calcium is important for normal muscles action,important component in blood clotting and it is used in construction of bones and teeth.
-calcium is important to women because it prevents osteoporosis when combined with vitamin D.Women are at risk to osteoporosis when they have reached menopause.... intake of Ca & vitamin D supplements is advised.
-calcium is found in milk,cheese,yogurt, whole grains,edible bones of fish and green leafy.
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2.Iron is important for synthesis of haemoglobin, increase maternal blood volume.
-Low iron intake to non pregnant women may lead to anaemia.
Low intake of iron to pregnant women may lead to fetal consequence like low birth weight, preterm delivery,affect cognitive and physical development of infant.
-Iron is found in liver,fish,meat and legumes.
1.Calcium is important for normal muscles action,important component in blood clotting and it is used in construction of bones and teeth.
-calcium is important to women because it prevents osteoporosis when combined with vitamin D.Women are at risk to osteoporosis when they have reached menopause.... intake of Ca & vitamin D supplements is advised.
-calcium is found in milk,cheese,yogurt, whole grains,edible bones of fish and green leafy.
.
.
2.Iron is important for synthesis of haemoglobin, increase maternal blood volume.
-Low iron intake to non pregnant women may lead to anaemia.
Low intake of iron to pregnant women may lead to fetal consequence like low birth weight, preterm delivery,affect cognitive and physical development of infant.
-Iron is found in liver,fish,meat and legumes.
Wednesday, 30 March 2016
39 ANCIENT WISDOM TIPS FOR SINGLES ON MARRIAGE By D.K. Olukoya G.O MFM
39 ANCIENT WISDOM TIPS FOR SINGLES ON MARRIAGE
By D.K. Olukoya G.O MFM
1. Wedding is a day but marriage is a lifetime .
2. A stingy man who is single will still be stingy when married.
3. Silence can never be misquoted.
4. If you want what no one has had, you must do what no one has done.
5. When God wants to bless you, He puts a person in your life. When Satan wants to destroy you, he puts a person in your life.
6. It is better to be single and alone than to be married to the wrong person.
7. Avoid a contentious woman.
8. 3 men to avoid:
a. A hot tempered man.
b. A womanizer.
c. A drunkard.
9. Marrying a comedian does not guarantee a happy marriage.
10. Never be yoked to anyone who will not be yoked to Christ.
11. 3 words that echo peace in a marriage:
a. I love you .
b. I am sorry .
c. Thank you.
12. Don't waste your time meditating or dwelling on your singleness.
13. Cohabitation is a recipe for marital failure .
14. Deal with anti marriage dreams.
15. Masturbation is destruction.
16. Marriage without friendship is like a sky without the sun.
17. If you rush into marriage, you may end up with someone who will bury your destiny.
18. A successful marriage is always a triangle : God, A man and a woman.
19. Why you marry is as important as who you marry.
20. Much happiness in life depends on your marital choice.
21. A man needs divine wisdom from God in choosing who to marry.
22. Do not place your priority on good looks ; no woman is ugly, she just needs rebranding.
23. 3 major characteristics to look for in a woman :
a. Fear of God.
b. Wisdom.
c. Discretion (beauty is vanity ).
24. The best way to enslave a woman is to show her love excessively - as a rule, women don't run away from where they're pampered.
25. Love is not blind ; infatuation and lust are blind.
26. Love puts God first, lust puts sex first.
27. Test every love with your peace of mind, if it is absent, God is not there.
28. If you are a true friend, you will attract true friends.
29. Caring hearts never lack caring hands.
30. Desperation leads to frustration.
31. Bad marriages can be avoided before they begin.
32. Keep your self pure and your bed undefiled.
33. It is spiritual insanity to plan to convert someone so you can marry the person.
34. Wage war against the devil that fought your parents' marriage.
35. Marriage is a covenant, always look before you leap.
36. It is better to be single and believing God to be married than to be married and believing in God to be single.
37. A broken courtship is better than a failed marriage.
38. Do not marry money or property, marry a person.
39. Be presentable. Pls forward it to d singles in ur contact.
By D.K. Olukoya G.O MFM
1. Wedding is a day but marriage is a lifetime .
2. A stingy man who is single will still be stingy when married.
3. Silence can never be misquoted.
4. If you want what no one has had, you must do what no one has done.
5. When God wants to bless you, He puts a person in your life. When Satan wants to destroy you, he puts a person in your life.
6. It is better to be single and alone than to be married to the wrong person.
7. Avoid a contentious woman.
8. 3 men to avoid:
a. A hot tempered man.
b. A womanizer.
c. A drunkard.
9. Marrying a comedian does not guarantee a happy marriage.
10. Never be yoked to anyone who will not be yoked to Christ.
11. 3 words that echo peace in a marriage:
a. I love you .
b. I am sorry .
c. Thank you.
12. Don't waste your time meditating or dwelling on your singleness.
13. Cohabitation is a recipe for marital failure .
14. Deal with anti marriage dreams.
15. Masturbation is destruction.
16. Marriage without friendship is like a sky without the sun.
17. If you rush into marriage, you may end up with someone who will bury your destiny.
18. A successful marriage is always a triangle : God, A man and a woman.
19. Why you marry is as important as who you marry.
20. Much happiness in life depends on your marital choice.
21. A man needs divine wisdom from God in choosing who to marry.
22. Do not place your priority on good looks ; no woman is ugly, she just needs rebranding.
23. 3 major characteristics to look for in a woman :
a. Fear of God.
b. Wisdom.
c. Discretion (beauty is vanity ).
24. The best way to enslave a woman is to show her love excessively - as a rule, women don't run away from where they're pampered.
25. Love is not blind ; infatuation and lust are blind.
26. Love puts God first, lust puts sex first.
27. Test every love with your peace of mind, if it is absent, God is not there.
28. If you are a true friend, you will attract true friends.
29. Caring hearts never lack caring hands.
30. Desperation leads to frustration.
31. Bad marriages can be avoided before they begin.
32. Keep your self pure and your bed undefiled.
33. It is spiritual insanity to plan to convert someone so you can marry the person.
34. Wage war against the devil that fought your parents' marriage.
35. Marriage is a covenant, always look before you leap.
36. It is better to be single and believing God to be married than to be married and believing in God to be single.
37. A broken courtship is better than a failed marriage.
38. Do not marry money or property, marry a person.
39. Be presentable. Pls forward it to d singles in ur contact.
Its good to be rich but...
It is indeed good to be rich....but..how did u get rich?do u value the people that helped u get there?is God still praised in yo heart?do u help others?r u at least fair and practice justice?
Many questions to be asked to the rich...back to the one's dreaming to b rich
Why do u want to b rich?can u maintain worshiping God and respect the others?r u a cheerful giver?
Back to others ....how far do u dream?
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Being rich is easy not grounded in moral roots but being a responsble,humble,wise rich person u have to be prepared not only on how to get money and wealth but also on getting the divine knowledge..and skills.
..
Mithali13:22"mtu mwema huwaachia wana wa wanawe urithi; na mali ya mkosaji huwa akiba kwa mwenye haki"
-tanua ufikiri wako ktk ndoto sio tu upateutajiri uishi vizuri wewe na familia yako Bali hata na kwa wajukuu zako utajiri wako ukawe urithi kwao
-usikimbie majukumu kwakupanga kuwapa watoto wako jukumu lakusomesha wadogo zao... have better plans for all of yo kids as long as yo alive.
-tenda haki na kila lililo jema kwa kila ajae kwako.
-ukipanga juu ya lini kua na mtoto wa kwanza usisahau juu ya mtoto wa mwisho..
KAMA MAISHA NI MIPANGO KUBALI KUJIFUNZA ILI UPANGE VYEMA.
Many questions to be asked to the rich...back to the one's dreaming to b rich
Why do u want to b rich?can u maintain worshiping God and respect the others?r u a cheerful giver?
Back to others ....how far do u dream?
.
.
Being rich is easy not grounded in moral roots but being a responsble,humble,wise rich person u have to be prepared not only on how to get money and wealth but also on getting the divine knowledge..and skills.
..
Mithali13:22"mtu mwema huwaachia wana wa wanawe urithi; na mali ya mkosaji huwa akiba kwa mwenye haki"
-tanua ufikiri wako ktk ndoto sio tu upateutajiri uishi vizuri wewe na familia yako Bali hata na kwa wajukuu zako utajiri wako ukawe urithi kwao
-usikimbie majukumu kwakupanga kuwapa watoto wako jukumu lakusomesha wadogo zao... have better plans for all of yo kids as long as yo alive.
-tenda haki na kila lililo jema kwa kila ajae kwako.
-ukipanga juu ya lini kua na mtoto wa kwanza usisahau juu ya mtoto wa mwisho..
KAMA MAISHA NI MIPANGO KUBALI KUJIFUNZA ILI UPANGE VYEMA.
What to do when life seems difficult
Even if life is too difficult, but when you see something which is so important in your life and which is very expensive don't say i can't afford it but just say How can i afford it!Because when you say I can't afford, your brain stop thinking on it but if you say how I can afford it,the brain finds and gets a new ideas of thinking of how to afford that thing.
By Thadei.P.M
By Thadei.P.M
Monday, 28 March 2016
ELIMU YA UJASILIAMALI JUU YA UFUGAJI WA NGURUWE
MCHANGANUO MDOGO WA MRADI WA NGURUWE
-Nguruwe watoto 20 @ 20,000 = 400,000
- Banda la mabanzi=1,000,000
- Chakula = 1,000,000
- Dawa= 200,000
After 1yr: Nguruwe 20 watazaa vitoto kama 160,utachakuwa vitoto jike 100,
mama zao wote watauzwa, huku shambani kwetu nguruwe
mkubwa ni Tsh 200,000 tu, utapata 4,000,000.
After 2yrs: Nguruwe 100 wanaweza kuzaa 700. Kati ya 700 chagua majike 500,(unaweza kuuza watoto dume ukanunua jike).
Year 3: Nguruwe 500 watazaa watoto 3500, chagua watoto 1500 tu
Kutoka hapo unamentein Number 1500, kila mwaka unaweza kuuza
watoto zaidi ya 3000, na nguruwe wakubwa 1500.
1500*200000= Tsh 300,000,000/= kwa mwaka
Nusu ya hiyo pesa ni gharama zingine, unabaki na 150mil.
Kabla hujajitumbukiza kaone mifano, au nenda chuo cha sokoine (SUA) na vyuo vingine vya kilimo na mifugo ukaonane na wataalamu au tembelea maofisa ugani na wataalam mbalimbali wa mifugo au wafugaji wenye uzoefu.
ZIJUE KANUNI KUU NNE KATIKA UFUGAJI WA NGURUWE.
Je unazifahamu aina za nguruwe na sifa zake,
Zifuatazo ni aina za nguruwe zinazo fungwa kwa wingi nchini Tanzania ambazo pia mfugaji yeyote anaweza kufuga kwani upatikanaji wake ni rahisi kwa maeneo yaliyo mengi.
Large white.
Nguruwe hawa wana rangi nyeupe mwili mzima
Masikio yao yanakuwa yamesimama mda wote.
Nyuso zao zimeingia kwa ndani kidogo (muonekano wake upo kama dish)
Saddleback
Wakubwa tofauti na aina nyingine za nguruwe.
Masikio yamelala kiasi
Landrace
Wana ukubwa wa wastani
Wana rangi nyeusi na mstari mweupe kuzunguka shingo na miguu ya mbele.
Mara baada ya kuzijua aina za nguruwe na sifa zake, sasa zijue kanuni za msingi katkia ufugaji wa nguruwe.
Mambo ya msingi kwa ufugaji wa nguruwe.
- Chagua koo zinazo zalisha vyema.
Uchaguzi wa koo huchangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 katika mafanikio ya ufugaji wa nguruwe, chagua koo amabayo ina zalisha watoto wengi na wenye afya.
Kwa mfugaji ambaye anataraji kununua nguruwe kutoka kwa mfugaji mwingine, Zingatia sana kumbukumbu zilizo wekwa na mfugaji yule na cha msingi ziwe sahihi hii itakupa picha ya kujua uzazi wa nguruwe huyo.
- Jenga banda bora.
Jenga banda ambalo linaendana na idadi na ukubwa wa nguruwe, banda ambalo halitapitisha mwanga mkali wa jua, upepo mkali,pia litakalo himimili mikimiki ya nguruwe wakorofi, hii itasaidia kupunguza usumbufu na bugudha kwa nguruwe na hatazalisha bila shida kwa nguruwe anayeishi katika nyumba yenye bugudha na usumbufu uzalishaji wake upungua sana uzalushaji.
- Zingatia afya bora kwa nguruwe.
Sote tunafahamu afya ni kitu cha msingi sana iwe kwa binadamu na hata mnyama hivyo, Afya bora ya nguruwe ni kitu cha msingi sana kuzingatiwa kwa kwa nguruwe asiye na afya bora udhoofika na uzalishaji wake hushuka kwa kiwango kikubwa sana..
Afya bora hutokana na kufanya, Chanjo dhidi ya magonjwa kama minyoo.
- Walishe wanyama chakula bora.
Chakula cha nguruwe ni muhimu kiandaliwe kulingana ma umri wa
nguruwe na mahitaji katika mwili wa nguruwe
Chakula cha nguruwe kiwe katika uwiano sahihi hii, chakula ambacho kita kidhi mahitaji ya mwili na uzakushaji kuwa mkubwa.
Nguruwe hapatiwe chakula chenye vyanzo vya madini, vitamin na protini.
Vyakula venye vyanzo vya protini husaidia sana katika kujenga mwili.
Vitamin na madini vyakula venye vyanzo hivi vinahitajika kwa wigni hasa calcium na phosphorus kwa nguruwe wa kunenepesha na walioachishwa kunnyonya.
Epuka kuwapa nguruwe kuwapa chakula chenye chumvi nyingi kwani hii itamfanya nguruwe kunywa maji mengi sana na matokeo yake nguruwe huarisha sana natimaye ukuaji wake huwa wa polepole. Hata hivyo kumbuka chumvi uongeza radha ya chakula na uwekaji wake katika mchanganyo wa chakula uwe ni asilimia 0.5 tu
-Nguruwe watoto 20 @ 20,000 = 400,000
- Banda la mabanzi=1,000,000
- Chakula = 1,000,000
- Dawa= 200,000
After 1yr: Nguruwe 20 watazaa vitoto kama 160,utachakuwa vitoto jike 100,
mama zao wote watauzwa, huku shambani kwetu nguruwe
mkubwa ni Tsh 200,000 tu, utapata 4,000,000.
After 2yrs: Nguruwe 100 wanaweza kuzaa 700. Kati ya 700 chagua majike 500,(unaweza kuuza watoto dume ukanunua jike).
Year 3: Nguruwe 500 watazaa watoto 3500, chagua watoto 1500 tu
Kutoka hapo unamentein Number 1500, kila mwaka unaweza kuuza
watoto zaidi ya 3000, na nguruwe wakubwa 1500.
1500*200000= Tsh 300,000,000/= kwa mwaka
Nusu ya hiyo pesa ni gharama zingine, unabaki na 150mil.
Kabla hujajitumbukiza kaone mifano, au nenda chuo cha sokoine (SUA) na vyuo vingine vya kilimo na mifugo ukaonane na wataalamu au tembelea maofisa ugani na wataalam mbalimbali wa mifugo au wafugaji wenye uzoefu.
ZIJUE KANUNI KUU NNE KATIKA UFUGAJI WA NGURUWE.
Je unazifahamu aina za nguruwe na sifa zake,
Zifuatazo ni aina za nguruwe zinazo fungwa kwa wingi nchini Tanzania ambazo pia mfugaji yeyote anaweza kufuga kwani upatikanaji wake ni rahisi kwa maeneo yaliyo mengi.
Large white.
Nguruwe hawa wana rangi nyeupe mwili mzima
Masikio yao yanakuwa yamesimama mda wote.
Nyuso zao zimeingia kwa ndani kidogo (muonekano wake upo kama dish)
Saddleback
Wakubwa tofauti na aina nyingine za nguruwe.
Masikio yamelala kiasi
Landrace
Wana ukubwa wa wastani
Wana rangi nyeusi na mstari mweupe kuzunguka shingo na miguu ya mbele.
Mara baada ya kuzijua aina za nguruwe na sifa zake, sasa zijue kanuni za msingi katkia ufugaji wa nguruwe.
Mambo ya msingi kwa ufugaji wa nguruwe.
- Chagua koo zinazo zalisha vyema.
Uchaguzi wa koo huchangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 katika mafanikio ya ufugaji wa nguruwe, chagua koo amabayo ina zalisha watoto wengi na wenye afya.
Kwa mfugaji ambaye anataraji kununua nguruwe kutoka kwa mfugaji mwingine, Zingatia sana kumbukumbu zilizo wekwa na mfugaji yule na cha msingi ziwe sahihi hii itakupa picha ya kujua uzazi wa nguruwe huyo.
- Jenga banda bora.
Jenga banda ambalo linaendana na idadi na ukubwa wa nguruwe, banda ambalo halitapitisha mwanga mkali wa jua, upepo mkali,pia litakalo himimili mikimiki ya nguruwe wakorofi, hii itasaidia kupunguza usumbufu na bugudha kwa nguruwe na hatazalisha bila shida kwa nguruwe anayeishi katika nyumba yenye bugudha na usumbufu uzalishaji wake upungua sana uzalushaji.
- Zingatia afya bora kwa nguruwe.
Sote tunafahamu afya ni kitu cha msingi sana iwe kwa binadamu na hata mnyama hivyo, Afya bora ya nguruwe ni kitu cha msingi sana kuzingatiwa kwa kwa nguruwe asiye na afya bora udhoofika na uzalishaji wake hushuka kwa kiwango kikubwa sana..
Afya bora hutokana na kufanya, Chanjo dhidi ya magonjwa kama minyoo.
- Walishe wanyama chakula bora.
Chakula cha nguruwe ni muhimu kiandaliwe kulingana ma umri wa
nguruwe na mahitaji katika mwili wa nguruwe
Chakula cha nguruwe kiwe katika uwiano sahihi hii, chakula ambacho kita kidhi mahitaji ya mwili na uzakushaji kuwa mkubwa.
Nguruwe hapatiwe chakula chenye vyanzo vya madini, vitamin na protini.
Vyakula venye vyanzo vya protini husaidia sana katika kujenga mwili.
Vitamin na madini vyakula venye vyanzo hivi vinahitajika kwa wigni hasa calcium na phosphorus kwa nguruwe wa kunenepesha na walioachishwa kunnyonya.
Epuka kuwapa nguruwe kuwapa chakula chenye chumvi nyingi kwani hii itamfanya nguruwe kunywa maji mengi sana na matokeo yake nguruwe huarisha sana natimaye ukuaji wake huwa wa polepole. Hata hivyo kumbuka chumvi uongeza radha ya chakula na uwekaji wake katika mchanganyo wa chakula uwe ni asilimia 0.5 tu
ELIMU YA UJASILIA MALI KUHUSU UFUGAJI WA KUKU WA KIENYEJI
UFUGAJI WA KUKU WA KIENYEJI KAMA MRADI
MAHITAJI
1. Kuku(tetea) 10 na Jogoo 01
2. Banda bora
3. Vyombo vya chakula na maji
4. Chakula bora
5. Madawa na chanjo kwajili ya magonjwa
6. Chanzo cha nishati joto na mwanga
7. Elimu na ujuzi wa malezi bora
8. Chombo au chumba cha kutunzia vifaranga
9. Mayai ya kuku wa kisasa/mayai mabovu(ambayo hayakuanguliwa)
10. Madaftari au kitabu cha kutunzia kumbukumbu
KUKU 10
Wakati wa kuanza mradi wako hakikisha una kuku 10 (matetea) wenye umri sawa na hawajawai kutaga hata mara moja. Chagua kuku wenye rangi nzuri kutoka katika familia bora kutegemea malengo ya mradi wako. Mfano kama lengo lako ni kuzalisha kuku wa kienyeji kwa ajili ya nyama basi chagua mbegu ambayo inakuwa haraka na yenye uzito mkubwa,Au ikiwa lengo ni mayai basi ni vema kuchagua aina ya kuku yenye kukua haraka na kutaga mayai mengi.
Ili kupunguza gharama za manunuzi ya kuku na hivyo kuongeza faida kwa mfugaji ni vema kununua kuku wadogo ambao wametoka tu kuachishwa kulelewa na mama zao. Kuku hawa utawapata kwa bei ya chini, tena watafaa sana maana watakua na umri mmoja
JOGOO 01
Jogoo mmoja tu anatosha kuwahudumia kuku matetea yote kumi.
Hakikisha katika uchaguzi wa jogoo bora lililochangamka, rangi mzuri, upanga umesimama, macho angavu, uzito wa kutosha, rangi nzuri na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha. Ni vema mfugaji akaelewa kwamba kuku wote watakaozalishwa watategemea ubora wa jogoo wake. Uwezo wa kutaga kwa kuku na upatikanaji wa mayai pia hutegemea kwa karibu ubora wa jogoo aliyechaguliwa.
BANDA BORA
Miongoni mwa mambo mhimu naya kwanza kuzingatiwa katika ufugaji wa kuku wa kienyeji kama mradi ni maandalizi ya banda bora. Kuku huhitaji banda bora ili wasiathirike na madhara mbalimbali. Mfugaji anatakiwa kuandaa banda lenye ukubwa wa mita 10 kwa mita 04.
Yaani urefu uwe mita 10 na upana upana wa mita 04. Kisha kata vyumba vya mita 2 urefu na upana mita 4 kutoka katika banda lako hivyo utakuwa na jumla ya vyumba vitano vyenye ukubwa unaolingana.
Ujenzi uzingatie malighafi na vifaa vinavyopatikana kwa urahisi katika mazingira husika.
Mfano katika maeneo ambayo fito
zinapatikana kwa urahisi banda linaweza kuandaliwa kwa miti na kukandikwa kwa udongo.
Au sehemu ambayo mabanzi hupatikana kwa urahisi basi banda laweza kujengwa kwa kutumia mabanzi.
Vifaa vya kujengea banda vizingatie pia gharama na upatikanaji wake katika eneo husika.
Baadhi ya vifaa hivyo ni kama ifuatavyo:-
Sakafu: Saruji, udongo, mbao, mianzi au fito
Kuta: Fito, mabanzi, mbao, nguzo mianzi,udongo, matofali, mawe, mabati na wavu
Paa: Nyasi, makuti, majani ya migomba, mabati na vigae.
Wigo: Matofali, mbao, fito nguzo, mabanzi, mianzi, matete, wavu na mabati
Banda bora la kuku linatakiwa kuwa na sifa zifuatazo:-
Imara, lenye uwezo wa kuwahifadhi kiafya na pia dhidi ya hali ya hewa hatarishi kwa mfano jua kali, upepo, baridi na mvua pamoja na wanyama hatari.
Lenye mwanga, hewa na nafasi ya kutosha inayoruhusu usafi kufanyika kwa urahisi.
Lijengwe sehemu yenye mwinuko isiyotuama maji, isiyo na upepo mkali na iwe mbali kidogo na nyumba ya kuishi watu.
Liwe na vichanja kwa ajili ya kuku kupumzika na kulala.
Liwe na sehemu ya kuwekea chakula, maji, kutagia, kuatamia na sehemu ya kulelea vifaranga.
Liwe na nafasi ya kutosha kulingana na idadi ya kuku na kuweka vyombo vya chakula na maji.
Kwenye mazingira ya joto banda liwe la ukuta mfupi na sehemu kubwa wazi yenye wavu hadi kufikia kwenye paa.
Kwenye mazingira ya baridi banda liwe na ukuta mrefu unaokaribia paa na sehemu ndogo tu iwe wazi yenye wavu ili kupitisha hewa na mwanga
JINSI YA KUFANYA
Wakuze kuku wako hadi watakapofikia muda wa kutaga.
Wakianza kutetea ni kiashiria kwamba wakati wa kutaga umekaribia hivyo andaa viota kwajili ya kutagia.
Viota vinapaswa viwe na ukubwa stahiki ili kumwezesha kuku kuyafunika mayai yote vizuri wakati wa kuetamia, viota viwe vinavyozuia mayai kutawanyika, viwe mahali pakavu na safi.
Hakikisha kuku wote wanataga katika viota tofauti. Kuku anapotaga
mayai matatu unapashwa kuchukua mayai mawili na kumwachia yai moja ili kumfanya aendelee kutaga zaidi. Kuku akifikia yai la kumi na mbili anza kumwachia mayai matatu ili kumwandaa kwa kazi ya kutamia.
Kwa kufanya hivi, kuku atataga mayai 15 au zaidi na ikiwa atataga mayai 15 au chini ya hapo nakushauri utafute mayai mengine ujazilizie ili kufikisha mayai 20 kwa kila kuku. Zingatia kwamba mayai unayoyatoa kwa kila kuku, yanatunzwa sehemu salama, mahali pakavu, pasafi na penye joto la wastani.
Kuku wote wanapaswa kuanza kuetamia kwa siku moja. Ili kufanikisha hili inapasa uwe karibu na kuku wako. Kuku mmoja akianza kutamia mwekee mayai ya kuku wa kisasa au mayai mabovu ya kuku wa kienyeji. Utafanya hivi hadi kuku wako wote watakapoanza kuetamia mayai. Kuweka mayai mabovu au mayai ya kuku yaliyotumika humfanya kuku aendelee kuetamia akijua ni mayai yake.
Baada ya kuona kwamba kuku wako wote wapo tayari kwa kuetamia mayai, waandalie banda maalumu kwajili ya kuetamia yani chumba kimoja katika lile banda letu. Ninashauri kwamba chumba kwajili ya kuetamia kiwe chumba cha kwanza au cha mwisho katika mfuatano wa vyumba vya banda lako. Andaa viota bora vya kuetamia, weka mayai 20 kwa kila kiota, ikiwa hayajatimia unaweza kununua kwa wafugaji wengine ili kuifikia idadi yako.
Waamishe kuku kutoka wanapotagia na kuwaweka katika chumba ulichokiandaa kwajili ya kuetamia. Ili ufanikiwe katika zoezi hili inafaa lifanyike wakati wa usiku na unafanya katika giza. Mweke kuku katika kila kiota na asubuhi wajikute kila mmoja katika kiota chake. Wahudumie kwa chakula na maji ya kutosha.
Wakati wa usiku waongezee joto la ziada kwa kuweka jiko au ndoo ya chuma yenye chengachenga za mkaa au kama una umeme weka taa za joto.
Baada ya siku 21-25 kuku wako wataanza kuangua vifaranga.
Huu ndio wakati unaotakiwa kuwa karibu sana na kuku wako kuliko wakati wote. Watenge vifaranga mara tu baada ya kuanguliwa; waweke katika chumba chao maalumu mbali na kuku. Kama chumba cha kutamia kilikuwa cha kwanza basi vifaranga wawe chumba cha mwisho n.k
Ukishawatenga vifaranga mbali na matetea wako, wawekee tena mayai mengine 20 kila tetea, mayai ambayo utayanunua kwa wafigaji wenzako. Hakikisha kuku waliotaga hayo mayai ni wazuri, hawana magonjwa na wanauzito/ukubwa unaofaa. Mayai yote yakaguliwe vizuri ili kujua kwamba yameharibika, yana nyufa au mabovu. Kabla ya kuweka mayai mengine hakikisha chumba chako ni kisafi na viota vimesafishwa, havina wadudu na uchafu wowote. Kuku wako bila kujijua wataanza kuetamia upya mayai uliowawekea.
Ukiwawekea mayai rudia mzunguko kama nilivyokwambia awali. Baada ya siku 21 hadi 25 tena utapata vifaranga wako wengine tena.
Fuata kila hatua kama nilivyokwambia hapo awali. Lakini kwa awamu hii nashauri waache matetea wako wapumzike wala usiwapatie mayai mengine tena.
JINSI YA KULEA VIFARANGA
Ikikaribia siku ya 20 tangu ulipowawekea matetea wako mayai katika chumba cha kuetamia, andaa chumba kwa ajili ya kulea vifaranga.
Safisha kwa kuondoa uchafu na wadudu wote.
Washa taa ya joto au weka chombo cha kutoa joto katika chumba cha vifaranga nusu saa kabla huja
anza kuingiza vifaranga wako. Weka pia chakula na maji ya kutosha katika vyombo vyenye umbile na ukubwa utakaowawezesha vifaranga kuvitumia. Tandaza magazeti, maboksi, makaratasi n.k katika sakafu ya chumba hicho. Hakikisha vifaranga wako hawajikusanyi sehemu moja maana wakifanya hivyo wengi wao watakufa ili ufanikiwe katika jambo hili, banda lako liwe la mduara katika kona zake.
Weka joto la kutosha. Joto la kutosha ni lile linalowafanya vifaranga watawanyike chini ya chanzo cha joto wakati kama joto limezidi vifaranya kukimbia mbali na chanzo cha joto na ikiwa joto halitoshi vifaranga hujukusanya chini ya chanzo cha joto.
Baada ya siku 3 utawapatia chanjo ya Gumboro na siku 7 wapatie chanjo ya New Castle, utarudia tena kuwapa chanjo hii baada ya mwezi mmoja kisha utafanya hivi kila baada ya miezi mitatu mitatu
MAPATO YA MRADI WAKO
Katika uzazi wa kwanza utapata vifaranga 150 kwa wastani wa vifaranga 15 kwa kila kuku.
Tuseme haujazingatia kanuni za ufugaji za makala hii ukapata vifaranga 100 yani wastani wa vifaranga 10 kwa kila kuku. Kisha baadaye wakakua wakafa kuku 50 yani watano kwa kila kuku utakuwa na jumla ya kuku 50.
Baada ya wiki 3 utapata tena kuku tufanye kwa mahesabu kama hayo hapo juu kwa hasara utakuwa na kuku wengine 50, na kufanya jumla ya kuku 100. Ikiwa kuku wako baada ya uzao wa pili uliwapumzisha kwa miezi miwili basi mwezi wa 3 utapata tena kuku vifaranga 100 na wiki 3 baadaye utapata wengine 100. Kwa mahesabu kama hayo awali wakikuwa utakuwa na kuku wengine 100 ambao watakuwa.
Baada ya miezi 6 utakuwa na kuku wakubwa wa uzao wa kwanza 50, uzao wa pili kuku 50 na utakuwa na kuku wenye umri wa miezi mitatu 50 wa uzao wa 3 na kuku wengine 50 wa uzao wa 4.
Katika kuku 100 wa uzao wa kwanza na pili, tufanye kuku 50 wawe matetea ukijumlisha na kuku 10 ulioanza nao mradi utakuwa na matetea 60. Ikiwa kila tetea atatotoa vifaranga 10 na vikakua vitano tu, mwishoni utakuwa na kuku 300 na baada ya miezi mitatu kuku wengine 900 toka katika kutoka kwa uzao wa kwanza, wapili na watatu.
Hivyo mwaka wa pili utafunga na kuku si chini ya 1,200/= wanaotaga mayai.
Ukiuza majogoo yote 1,200/= kwa bei ya 8,000/= ili upate pesa ya kujenga miundombinu bora maana sasa utakuwa na kuku wengi wanaoendelea kuzaliana kwa kasi utapata pesa kiasi cha TZS 7,200,000/=. Sasa ongeza kuku wako wa kutaga hadi wafikie kuku 4,000 maana sasa utakuwa na pesa za kutosha kuendesha mradi wako.
Sasa ukiwa na kuku 4000 wa kienyeji wa kutaga mayai, ikiwa kuku 3000 tu watataga ukauza yai moja kwa bei ya haraka haraka ya TZS 250 tu, utapata TZS 750,000/= kwa siku ambayo sawa na TZS 22,500,000/= kwa mwezi na TZS 270,000,000/= kwa mwaka sawa sawa na 128,572 USD. Kumbuka kwamba makadilio haya niya chini sana. Ukifata kanuni zote kwa makini na maombi huku ukimtanguliza Mungu utafikia hata TZS 500,000,000/= kwa mwaka.
Kumbuka unapofanikiwa kupata mapato ya kila aina, umtolee Mungu zaka(x10%) ya mapato yako, pia ukatoe sadaka ambayo ni kubwa kuliko zaka na uwasaidie masikini na wahitaji.
Tunza kumbukumbu zako zote za fedha katika daftari maalumu kuhusu mapato na matumizi ya mradi wako. Pia hali ya kuku wako kuhusu tarehe za chanjo ya mwisho, siku walipoanza kutamia, magonjwa yanayowasumbua mara kwa mara n.k
MAHITAJI
1. Kuku(tetea) 10 na Jogoo 01
2. Banda bora
3. Vyombo vya chakula na maji
4. Chakula bora
5. Madawa na chanjo kwajili ya magonjwa
6. Chanzo cha nishati joto na mwanga
7. Elimu na ujuzi wa malezi bora
8. Chombo au chumba cha kutunzia vifaranga
9. Mayai ya kuku wa kisasa/mayai mabovu(ambayo hayakuanguliwa)
10. Madaftari au kitabu cha kutunzia kumbukumbu
KUKU 10
Wakati wa kuanza mradi wako hakikisha una kuku 10 (matetea) wenye umri sawa na hawajawai kutaga hata mara moja. Chagua kuku wenye rangi nzuri kutoka katika familia bora kutegemea malengo ya mradi wako. Mfano kama lengo lako ni kuzalisha kuku wa kienyeji kwa ajili ya nyama basi chagua mbegu ambayo inakuwa haraka na yenye uzito mkubwa,Au ikiwa lengo ni mayai basi ni vema kuchagua aina ya kuku yenye kukua haraka na kutaga mayai mengi.
Ili kupunguza gharama za manunuzi ya kuku na hivyo kuongeza faida kwa mfugaji ni vema kununua kuku wadogo ambao wametoka tu kuachishwa kulelewa na mama zao. Kuku hawa utawapata kwa bei ya chini, tena watafaa sana maana watakua na umri mmoja
JOGOO 01
Jogoo mmoja tu anatosha kuwahudumia kuku matetea yote kumi.
Hakikisha katika uchaguzi wa jogoo bora lililochangamka, rangi mzuri, upanga umesimama, macho angavu, uzito wa kutosha, rangi nzuri na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha. Ni vema mfugaji akaelewa kwamba kuku wote watakaozalishwa watategemea ubora wa jogoo wake. Uwezo wa kutaga kwa kuku na upatikanaji wa mayai pia hutegemea kwa karibu ubora wa jogoo aliyechaguliwa.
BANDA BORA
Miongoni mwa mambo mhimu naya kwanza kuzingatiwa katika ufugaji wa kuku wa kienyeji kama mradi ni maandalizi ya banda bora. Kuku huhitaji banda bora ili wasiathirike na madhara mbalimbali. Mfugaji anatakiwa kuandaa banda lenye ukubwa wa mita 10 kwa mita 04.
Yaani urefu uwe mita 10 na upana upana wa mita 04. Kisha kata vyumba vya mita 2 urefu na upana mita 4 kutoka katika banda lako hivyo utakuwa na jumla ya vyumba vitano vyenye ukubwa unaolingana.
Ujenzi uzingatie malighafi na vifaa vinavyopatikana kwa urahisi katika mazingira husika.
Mfano katika maeneo ambayo fito
zinapatikana kwa urahisi banda linaweza kuandaliwa kwa miti na kukandikwa kwa udongo.
Au sehemu ambayo mabanzi hupatikana kwa urahisi basi banda laweza kujengwa kwa kutumia mabanzi.
Vifaa vya kujengea banda vizingatie pia gharama na upatikanaji wake katika eneo husika.
Baadhi ya vifaa hivyo ni kama ifuatavyo:-
Sakafu: Saruji, udongo, mbao, mianzi au fito
Kuta: Fito, mabanzi, mbao, nguzo mianzi,udongo, matofali, mawe, mabati na wavu
Paa: Nyasi, makuti, majani ya migomba, mabati na vigae.
Wigo: Matofali, mbao, fito nguzo, mabanzi, mianzi, matete, wavu na mabati
Banda bora la kuku linatakiwa kuwa na sifa zifuatazo:-
Imara, lenye uwezo wa kuwahifadhi kiafya na pia dhidi ya hali ya hewa hatarishi kwa mfano jua kali, upepo, baridi na mvua pamoja na wanyama hatari.
Lenye mwanga, hewa na nafasi ya kutosha inayoruhusu usafi kufanyika kwa urahisi.
Lijengwe sehemu yenye mwinuko isiyotuama maji, isiyo na upepo mkali na iwe mbali kidogo na nyumba ya kuishi watu.
Liwe na vichanja kwa ajili ya kuku kupumzika na kulala.
Liwe na sehemu ya kuwekea chakula, maji, kutagia, kuatamia na sehemu ya kulelea vifaranga.
Liwe na nafasi ya kutosha kulingana na idadi ya kuku na kuweka vyombo vya chakula na maji.
Kwenye mazingira ya joto banda liwe la ukuta mfupi na sehemu kubwa wazi yenye wavu hadi kufikia kwenye paa.
Kwenye mazingira ya baridi banda liwe na ukuta mrefu unaokaribia paa na sehemu ndogo tu iwe wazi yenye wavu ili kupitisha hewa na mwanga
JINSI YA KUFANYA
Wakuze kuku wako hadi watakapofikia muda wa kutaga.
Wakianza kutetea ni kiashiria kwamba wakati wa kutaga umekaribia hivyo andaa viota kwajili ya kutagia.
Viota vinapaswa viwe na ukubwa stahiki ili kumwezesha kuku kuyafunika mayai yote vizuri wakati wa kuetamia, viota viwe vinavyozuia mayai kutawanyika, viwe mahali pakavu na safi.
Hakikisha kuku wote wanataga katika viota tofauti. Kuku anapotaga
mayai matatu unapashwa kuchukua mayai mawili na kumwachia yai moja ili kumfanya aendelee kutaga zaidi. Kuku akifikia yai la kumi na mbili anza kumwachia mayai matatu ili kumwandaa kwa kazi ya kutamia.
Kwa kufanya hivi, kuku atataga mayai 15 au zaidi na ikiwa atataga mayai 15 au chini ya hapo nakushauri utafute mayai mengine ujazilizie ili kufikisha mayai 20 kwa kila kuku. Zingatia kwamba mayai unayoyatoa kwa kila kuku, yanatunzwa sehemu salama, mahali pakavu, pasafi na penye joto la wastani.
Kuku wote wanapaswa kuanza kuetamia kwa siku moja. Ili kufanikisha hili inapasa uwe karibu na kuku wako. Kuku mmoja akianza kutamia mwekee mayai ya kuku wa kisasa au mayai mabovu ya kuku wa kienyeji. Utafanya hivi hadi kuku wako wote watakapoanza kuetamia mayai. Kuweka mayai mabovu au mayai ya kuku yaliyotumika humfanya kuku aendelee kuetamia akijua ni mayai yake.
Baada ya kuona kwamba kuku wako wote wapo tayari kwa kuetamia mayai, waandalie banda maalumu kwajili ya kuetamia yani chumba kimoja katika lile banda letu. Ninashauri kwamba chumba kwajili ya kuetamia kiwe chumba cha kwanza au cha mwisho katika mfuatano wa vyumba vya banda lako. Andaa viota bora vya kuetamia, weka mayai 20 kwa kila kiota, ikiwa hayajatimia unaweza kununua kwa wafugaji wengine ili kuifikia idadi yako.
Waamishe kuku kutoka wanapotagia na kuwaweka katika chumba ulichokiandaa kwajili ya kuetamia. Ili ufanikiwe katika zoezi hili inafaa lifanyike wakati wa usiku na unafanya katika giza. Mweke kuku katika kila kiota na asubuhi wajikute kila mmoja katika kiota chake. Wahudumie kwa chakula na maji ya kutosha.
Wakati wa usiku waongezee joto la ziada kwa kuweka jiko au ndoo ya chuma yenye chengachenga za mkaa au kama una umeme weka taa za joto.
Baada ya siku 21-25 kuku wako wataanza kuangua vifaranga.
Huu ndio wakati unaotakiwa kuwa karibu sana na kuku wako kuliko wakati wote. Watenge vifaranga mara tu baada ya kuanguliwa; waweke katika chumba chao maalumu mbali na kuku. Kama chumba cha kutamia kilikuwa cha kwanza basi vifaranga wawe chumba cha mwisho n.k
Ukishawatenga vifaranga mbali na matetea wako, wawekee tena mayai mengine 20 kila tetea, mayai ambayo utayanunua kwa wafigaji wenzako. Hakikisha kuku waliotaga hayo mayai ni wazuri, hawana magonjwa na wanauzito/ukubwa unaofaa. Mayai yote yakaguliwe vizuri ili kujua kwamba yameharibika, yana nyufa au mabovu. Kabla ya kuweka mayai mengine hakikisha chumba chako ni kisafi na viota vimesafishwa, havina wadudu na uchafu wowote. Kuku wako bila kujijua wataanza kuetamia upya mayai uliowawekea.
Ukiwawekea mayai rudia mzunguko kama nilivyokwambia awali. Baada ya siku 21 hadi 25 tena utapata vifaranga wako wengine tena.
Fuata kila hatua kama nilivyokwambia hapo awali. Lakini kwa awamu hii nashauri waache matetea wako wapumzike wala usiwapatie mayai mengine tena.
JINSI YA KULEA VIFARANGA
Ikikaribia siku ya 20 tangu ulipowawekea matetea wako mayai katika chumba cha kuetamia, andaa chumba kwa ajili ya kulea vifaranga.
Safisha kwa kuondoa uchafu na wadudu wote.
Washa taa ya joto au weka chombo cha kutoa joto katika chumba cha vifaranga nusu saa kabla huja
anza kuingiza vifaranga wako. Weka pia chakula na maji ya kutosha katika vyombo vyenye umbile na ukubwa utakaowawezesha vifaranga kuvitumia. Tandaza magazeti, maboksi, makaratasi n.k katika sakafu ya chumba hicho. Hakikisha vifaranga wako hawajikusanyi sehemu moja maana wakifanya hivyo wengi wao watakufa ili ufanikiwe katika jambo hili, banda lako liwe la mduara katika kona zake.
Weka joto la kutosha. Joto la kutosha ni lile linalowafanya vifaranga watawanyike chini ya chanzo cha joto wakati kama joto limezidi vifaranya kukimbia mbali na chanzo cha joto na ikiwa joto halitoshi vifaranga hujukusanya chini ya chanzo cha joto.
Baada ya siku 3 utawapatia chanjo ya Gumboro na siku 7 wapatie chanjo ya New Castle, utarudia tena kuwapa chanjo hii baada ya mwezi mmoja kisha utafanya hivi kila baada ya miezi mitatu mitatu
MAPATO YA MRADI WAKO
Katika uzazi wa kwanza utapata vifaranga 150 kwa wastani wa vifaranga 15 kwa kila kuku.
Tuseme haujazingatia kanuni za ufugaji za makala hii ukapata vifaranga 100 yani wastani wa vifaranga 10 kwa kila kuku. Kisha baadaye wakakua wakafa kuku 50 yani watano kwa kila kuku utakuwa na jumla ya kuku 50.
Baada ya wiki 3 utapata tena kuku tufanye kwa mahesabu kama hayo hapo juu kwa hasara utakuwa na kuku wengine 50, na kufanya jumla ya kuku 100. Ikiwa kuku wako baada ya uzao wa pili uliwapumzisha kwa miezi miwili basi mwezi wa 3 utapata tena kuku vifaranga 100 na wiki 3 baadaye utapata wengine 100. Kwa mahesabu kama hayo awali wakikuwa utakuwa na kuku wengine 100 ambao watakuwa.
Baada ya miezi 6 utakuwa na kuku wakubwa wa uzao wa kwanza 50, uzao wa pili kuku 50 na utakuwa na kuku wenye umri wa miezi mitatu 50 wa uzao wa 3 na kuku wengine 50 wa uzao wa 4.
Katika kuku 100 wa uzao wa kwanza na pili, tufanye kuku 50 wawe matetea ukijumlisha na kuku 10 ulioanza nao mradi utakuwa na matetea 60. Ikiwa kila tetea atatotoa vifaranga 10 na vikakua vitano tu, mwishoni utakuwa na kuku 300 na baada ya miezi mitatu kuku wengine 900 toka katika kutoka kwa uzao wa kwanza, wapili na watatu.
Hivyo mwaka wa pili utafunga na kuku si chini ya 1,200/= wanaotaga mayai.
Ukiuza majogoo yote 1,200/= kwa bei ya 8,000/= ili upate pesa ya kujenga miundombinu bora maana sasa utakuwa na kuku wengi wanaoendelea kuzaliana kwa kasi utapata pesa kiasi cha TZS 7,200,000/=. Sasa ongeza kuku wako wa kutaga hadi wafikie kuku 4,000 maana sasa utakuwa na pesa za kutosha kuendesha mradi wako.
Sasa ukiwa na kuku 4000 wa kienyeji wa kutaga mayai, ikiwa kuku 3000 tu watataga ukauza yai moja kwa bei ya haraka haraka ya TZS 250 tu, utapata TZS 750,000/= kwa siku ambayo sawa na TZS 22,500,000/= kwa mwezi na TZS 270,000,000/= kwa mwaka sawa sawa na 128,572 USD. Kumbuka kwamba makadilio haya niya chini sana. Ukifata kanuni zote kwa makini na maombi huku ukimtanguliza Mungu utafikia hata TZS 500,000,000/= kwa mwaka.
Kumbuka unapofanikiwa kupata mapato ya kila aina, umtolee Mungu zaka(x10%) ya mapato yako, pia ukatoe sadaka ambayo ni kubwa kuliko zaka na uwasaidie masikini na wahitaji.
Tunza kumbukumbu zako zote za fedha katika daftari maalumu kuhusu mapato na matumizi ya mradi wako. Pia hali ya kuku wako kuhusu tarehe za chanjo ya mwisho, siku walipoanza kutamia, magonjwa yanayowasumbua mara kwa mara n.k
Saturday, 26 March 2016
God doesn't want you to worry
God doesn't want u to b worried over anything because he always have yo back...when it seems as f there z no backup plan Gods plans for us r there...tatizo nkwamba most of the times tunakua focused sana nakile tunachokitaka au panga bila kujua wazo la Mungu juu ya icho kitu.wakati mwingine tunachokitaka sicho tunacho stahili.....tunakua focused na vtu tunavyo vitaka bila kujua hatima yake ikoje...Mungu ange kua mswahili nakuacha mtoto anaelilia wembe umkate ...tungekua matambara ya deki...watu wanapokosea pengine niswala la kumshirikisha Mungu baada ya juhud zetu kuyumba..wengine hunshirikisha ila sio ili aingilie kat ni ili atende wanachokitaka.
Worrying...fear..takes over many people's hearts when their expectations are not reached...to be continued
Read exodus 14:13-15
Philippians 4:6-7
Worrying...fear..takes over many people's hearts when their expectations are not reached...to be continued
Read exodus 14:13-15
Philippians 4:6-7
Friday, 25 March 2016
Business ideas for university students
First know who you are what are your potentias?what are your talents? What people around you need most....
Have goals to archive each day,each week,month and yearly.
Your goals can either be to buy a land,car,establish a company, helping yo family...etc
..the following are just few of the ideas that can give u insight of what u can do and get money....keep this in yo mind nothing z too small to get u where u want....u need to b courageous...u need to b patient...
...yo suppose to b in control of yo earnings,purchase and other uses as well...
-selling electronics ie.laptops and phones
-selling softwares
-u can sell comedy or educating videos in utube.
-sell cosmetics
-stationary
-organizing tours or bash
-selling clothes and shoes
-Shop
-m.pesa/tigo/airtel
-vocha
-making t-shirts or kacha
-selling equipments ie.calculators, stethoscopes,lab coats..etc
-food business
-hand bags bzz..etc
They r so many....I leave the research to u on which is more profitable to u....MWANAFUNZI WA CHUO NI STEP NZURIJITAMBUE KWAMBA WE NI MTUMZIMA MUCH Z EXPECTED FROM U B RESPONSBLE B USEFUL...PA1
Have goals to archive each day,each week,month and yearly.
Your goals can either be to buy a land,car,establish a company, helping yo family...etc
..the following are just few of the ideas that can give u insight of what u can do and get money....keep this in yo mind nothing z too small to get u where u want....u need to b courageous...u need to b patient...
...yo suppose to b in control of yo earnings,purchase and other uses as well...
-selling electronics ie.laptops and phones
-selling softwares
-u can sell comedy or educating videos in utube.
-sell cosmetics
-stationary
-organizing tours or bash
-selling clothes and shoes
-Shop
-m.pesa/tigo/airtel
-vocha
-making t-shirts or kacha
-selling equipments ie.calculators, stethoscopes,lab coats..etc
-food business
-hand bags bzz..etc
They r so many....I leave the research to u on which is more profitable to u....MWANAFUNZI WA CHUO NI STEP NZURIJITAMBUE KWAMBA WE NI MTUMZIMA MUCH Z EXPECTED FROM U B RESPONSBLE B USEFUL...PA1
Thursday, 24 March 2016
Financial advice
KEYS TO FINANCIAL SUCCESS
1. Make a financial plan.
2. Create a budget.
3. Start saving and investing as soon as you’ve paid off your debts.
Your First Step—Making a Financial Plan What are the things you want to save and invest for?
•a car
•an education
•a comfortable social life
•emergencies
•periods of unemployment
Small Savings Add Up to Big Money
How much does a bottle of soda cost you? If you buy a bottle of soda every day for $2.00, that adds up to $730.00 a year. If you saved that $730.00 for just one year, and put it into a savings account or investment that earns 5% a year, it would grow to $931.69 after 5 years, and grow to $3,155.02 after 30 years. That’s the power of “compounding.” With compound interest, you earn interest on the money you save and on the interest that money earns. Over time, even a small amount saved can add up to big money. If you are willing to watch what you spend and look for.
1. Make a financial plan.
2. Create a budget.
3. Start saving and investing as soon as you’ve paid off your debts.
Your First Step—Making a Financial Plan What are the things you want to save and invest for?
•a car
•an education
•a comfortable social life
•emergencies
•periods of unemployment
Small Savings Add Up to Big Money
How much does a bottle of soda cost you? If you buy a bottle of soda every day for $2.00, that adds up to $730.00 a year. If you saved that $730.00 for just one year, and put it into a savings account or investment that earns 5% a year, it would grow to $931.69 after 5 years, and grow to $3,155.02 after 30 years. That’s the power of “compounding.” With compound interest, you earn interest on the money you save and on the interest that money earns. Over time, even a small amount saved can add up to big money. If you are willing to watch what you spend and look for.
Wednesday, 23 March 2016
Tuesday, 22 March 2016
HATAKAMA ULICHOOMBA AU ULICHOTARAJIA KIMECHELEWA HAI MAANISHI HAKITAKUJA SUBIRI NA ENDELEA NA KUJARIBU.
GIVE ME SOME SUNSHINE GIVE ME SOME RAIN GIVE ME ANOTHER CHANCE I WANT TO GROW UP ONCE AGAIN-it can be a metaphor with many translations.mine is that nipe nafasi nyingine nipe support yako ili niweze kufanya vizuri kuliko mwanzo.Vilevile inaweza ikasemwa hivi ipe nafasi nyingine kitu ulicho shindwa kukifanya mwanzo inaweza kua biashara au nafasi ya kaz uliomba mwanzo ukakosa naunataka kukata tamaa au ufaulu wako katika somo flani ipe nguvu yako tena kwa kusoma usichoke ata ukishindwa tena atleast you tried HOW WILL YOU FEEL KUA UME GIVE UP ON SOMETHING AMBACHO BAADAE UNAKUJA KUJUA KWAMBA UNGE KIWEZA?Usiache kujaribu.

FOODS THAT RELIEF PAIN: byTRACEY NEITHERCOTT and BETH HOWARD
-GINGER-migraines,arthritis and sore muscles
-COFFEE-for headaches by narrowing dilated blood vessels that develop with head aches.
-YORGUT-for soothe stomach pain
-BLACK BEANS-for head aches
-SNAPER-for head ache
FOODS THAT FIGHT STRESS:by KERI GLASSMAN,MS,RD,CDN
-AVOCADO
-CASHEW NUTS
-BERRIES
-CHOCOLATE
-ORANGES
-SHRIMP
-MILK
Know the top 3 richest women in Africa
1.Isabel dos Santos(net worth:$3.3billion)
AGE:41
COUNTRY:ANGOLA
She is the eldest daughter of ANGOLA'S
long time president JOSE EDUARDO DOS SANTOS. Working on expanding her
stable investments,she is controlling stakeholders in Portugal
telecom Nos SGPS. She owns 19% of Portuguese bank Banco BPI.
2.Folorunsho Alakija(net worth:$1.9billion)
AGE:63
COUNTRY:NIGERIA
She is a self made billionaire,she
persued secretarial studies and fashion design in London when she was
a young woman. After coming back to Nigeria she worked as an
executive secretary for many companies for sometime. Then she founded
her own tailoring company,supreme stiches.The company quickly rose to
prominence among Nigerian's society.Today she controls Famfa
oil,which pumps out 200,000barrels a day.
COUNTRY:KENYA
She is the wife of Jomo Kenyatta the
first president of KENYA
She hold a vast collection of prime
real estates acquired during time of British colonization also mama
Kenyatta and her family owns stakes in Kenya's largest dairy company
Brookside Dairies,media company mediamax,heritage hotels and
commercial bank of AFRICA .
WHAT DO YOU LEARN FROM THESE GREAT WOMEN?
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