Vitu vyakukumbuka uwapo na pesa

usipokuwa na malengo huwezi jizuia/MAISHA

Huwezi kuwa na nidhamu ya Muda na pesa kama huna MALENGO
JE UNAMALENGO GANI?NDANI YA MUDA GANI?MALENGO NA MUDA HUENDA SAMBAMBA SPEED YAKO YAKUFIKIA UNACHOTAKA INATEGEMEANA NA MUDA ULIO UTENGA.

KAMA UNAMALENGO NA HUJAWEKA MUDA WAKUYAFIKIA...KUA MAKINI...MUDA UNAENDA..

Kila PESA unayopata kila wiki/mwezi/siku
ANZA KWANZA NA MUNGU MPE CHAKE WALAU 10% LAZIMA
THEN 5% SADAKA NA MISAADA
HAKIKISHA  20% YA FEDHA YAKO UMEWEKA AKIBA

-walau kila mwaka au mwezi kutokana nakipato chako jitahidi kuwa kumbuka wazazi wako au walez au yoyote aliekusaidia kufika ulipo...wachungaji...Ukijenga tabia yaku wapa zawadi watu hawa nivizuri.
Then kula,kunywa,endelea na familia na maisha unahitaji
-Kwa MTU yoyote anaemwamini Mungu na nguvu ya fungu lakumi usiache kutoa na kusisitiza tena usiache wala usicheleweshe
Ugumu wa maisha wakati mwingine unachangiwa na kula fungu la kumi.

MUNGU KWANZA,UWEKEZAJI,MATUMIZI
MAFANIKIO YAKO

Questions to ask yourself before finding a business partner

Like a marriage, a business partnership often begins with enthusiasm and high expectations -- only to end in acrimony and legal proceedings. It's important to know as much as possible about a potential partner, including how his or her finances and family life may affect the business, before signing on the dotted line.

Here are some questions to ask before deciding if partnering is a good idea:

1. What do I need from a business partner?
You should look for a business partner who brings something different to the table than you do. If you're creative, maybe you need a more detail-oriented partner. If you have money to invest in the business, you may want to look for a partner with access to a market, or with great connections. Or if you're shy, you might need a good "people person" to balance the equation. "If they're similar to you, it might be more comfortable, but it may not be what you need," says William M. Moore, founder of the Moore Firm in San Diego, a law firm that serves entrepreneurs. "You need someone who complements your skills and personality."

2. What is your potential partner's financial situation?
It is important to have an understanding of someone's financial status and commitments before getting into a venture together. "It is tough to ask what they are currently spending on a house or in payments to an ex-spouse, but someone's prior financial commitments shape the decisions they will make in the short term," says Gregory Kratofil, an attorney and shareholder with the law firm Polsinelli Shughart in Kansas City, Mo., who specializes in small business interests. "If he has large outstanding obligations, but says he can get by on $35,000 salary, it is a red flag."

3. What are the potential partner's expectations on the time involved?
Partners don't have to spend the same amount of time, but it is important that they are on the same page as to each other's expected time commitments. How many hours a day does your partner expect to put into the venture, and do his expectations meet yours? "It is equally important to level set your partner's expectations on your time commitments," Kratofil says. "The age old adage that it's better to under-promise and over-deliver applies here."

4. Is your potential partner's commitment to the business as strong as yours?
"I don't care if it's a coffee house or a design firm, the business partner's commitment has to equal yours," says Bob Phibbs, consultant and CEO of The Retail Doctor, a site that provides information to small and medium-sized businesses. A partnership -- especially one between friends -- can start off with fun and excitement, but within a short time, the slog of every day catches up with you. If they're not as committed to the business as you, they may lose their enthusiasm and may actually be damaging the brand every time you open your doors.

5. Is there something in your potential partner's family life that might make the business a secondary interest?
If your potential partner has a pregnant wife or is taking care of an elderly parent, he may be distracted from the business. That's why you have to be brutally honest when thinking of forming a partnership. "The partner can say, 'My wife is behind me 100 percent.' But I want to talk to the wife," Phibbs says. "If they're too distracted by a family issue or their family isn't behind them, the business may be doomed from the start."

6. How would he or she handle a tough situation?
It's important to know what your potential business partner will do if he has his back up against the wall -- and it will happen, Phibbs says. The best way to discover this is to look at what he's done in past business ventures. If he couldn't meet payroll, for example: Did he do the right thing and dip into savings or borrow from a credit card or a friend? Or did he pay employees late, or not at all? Or worse, did he skip paying payroll taxes? It all comes down to character issue, Phibbs says, adding, "Payroll taxes are a federal obligation. If that's negotiable, you can bet your partnership is also negotiable."

7. What questions do they have for me?
If a potential employee doesn't ask any questions in a job interview, you might be less likely to hire him because of a perceived lack of interest. The same applies to a potential business partner, who should want to know about your character, reliability and expectations. "I want them to ask me the same tough questions I ask them. If they say it doesn't really matter, it could mean two things: their expectations are too high or they might be kind of flighty," Phibbs says. "Things may be fine now, but in a month or two, they may want to change things or even get out of the deal."

8. What is the potential partner's standing in the community?
A lot of people seem good at first, but that may be their skill -- seeming good at first, Moore says. Once they get their foot in the door, it may be difficult to get them out. Talk to former employees to see what they were like to work with, or for. If you're looking for someone with money connections, verify that they have money. If they say they have great connections, see if those connections go beyond just being recognized and given a slap on the back. "A business partnership is not a marriage, but there should be some sort of courtship process that you can verify that they are who they say they are," Moore says.

9. Are they willing to put everything in writing?
Many partnerships are cemented with a handshake, but this can be a recipe for disaster. It's crucial to put it on paper -- not only what is expected of each partner, but the consequences if expectations aren't met. "There's something about actually putting it in writing that exposes the potential problem areas in the partnership," Moore says. If someone has a family emergency and disappears the first six months of the business -- even though it may not be through any fault of his own -- are you still expected to give that person a certain percentage of the business? "If someone simply isn't pulling his or her weight, you need to be able to get them out without destroying the business," he adds. "And if it's in writing, there's no arguing it."

10. Do I really need a partner?
If you can get someone to do something without giving them a stake in your business, it's always better, Moore says. People get wrapped up in the idea of needing to work with someone, bu

Advantages and disadvantages of having a business partner

Some of the advantages of working with a partner include:

1. Twice as Much Manpower

When you work with a business partner, you can do twice as much work. A lot of work goes into building a business. You need to do marketing research, networking, research and development, sales pitches, and meet with potential lenders or investors. All of this can overwhelm a business owner. In the early stages of a new venture, you may not have the resources to hire employees to assist you. Thus, you may need a partner you can trust to share the burdens of starting a new business.

2. Diversity in Skills

A business partner may bring an entirely new skill set to the table. One business partner may have a background in engineering and research, while the other excels at sales and networking. Taking advantage of utilizing the differing skill sets can help the business succeed. In addition, working with a business partner allows you to divide up tasks according to strengths, conserving time and eliminating duplication of efforts.

3. Different Perspectives

Business owners need an outside perspective to avoid tunnel vision. You might think that you have the best idea or solution to a problem, and readily invest capital into your business plans. Successful entrepreneurs have faith in their ideas, but may need someone else to put things in perspective. The decision-making process becomes easier and more realistic when two or more people objectively evaluate ideas and share their concerns and feedback.

4. Someone to Hold You Accountable

Some people become lackadaisical when they begin a business. They may have a hard time maintaining the discipline needed to stay motivated. Partners keep each other on the ball, and hold each other accountable for any mistakes.

5. Someone to Evaluate Ideas

Business partners talk to each other about their ideas. Many entrepreneurs have trouble maintaining objectivity when initiating a new business idea. A business partner helps you realistically evaluate new ideas and business plans for potential flaws. Your business partner can also build off your ideas, offering more input to refine your plan, so you have a better chance of succeeding.

6. Networking Opportunities

Networking is a fundamental aspect of business. Every time you meet someone, you have the opportunity to meet even more people through that person’s network. You need many connections to succeed in business. Having a partner gives you the opportunity to expand your list of contacts, and multiply your numbers of potential clients, investors, suppliers, and mentors.

7. Ability to Keeps Things in Perspective

Entrepreneurs often ride a roller coaster of emotions. Sometimes they become too pessimistic and other times they feel overconfident. Pessimism and too much confidence can both hinder a new business plan. A partner can help you keep everything in perspective and not get distracted by fluctuating emotions.

Disadvantages of Working with a Business Partner

A bad business partnership typically happens when an entrepreneur chooses the wrong partner,

Some of the disadvantages of working with a business partner include:

1. Different Work Ethics
Many entrepreneurs find themselves working with partners who don’t share their enthusiasm or passion for business. Partners who can’t meet deadlines, follow up with clients, or follow through with their responsibilities can bankrupt an established business or a new business venture.

Unscrupulous business partners can also contribute to the downfall of a business.

2. Lack of Experience
Some business partners don’t have the experience or skills to do their job successfully.

3. Disagreement on Direction
A poor choice of a business partner causes major problems for any business. Sometimes, even working with a motivated, talented, and brilliant partner also causes problems. Business partners may disagree on the long-term goals for the company. They may spend weeks or months bickering over key decisions. Disagreements between partners may consume resources, cause stress to other employees or lead to inconsistent business practices.

4. Sharing Profits
When you have a business partner, you have to split the profits. Entrepreneurs happily share profits with partners when they bring additional value to the firm. If your partner does not increase business enough to justify their involvement, however, they shouldn’t receive a share of the profits. If you make the same amount of money with a partner as you do without a partner, you may have selected the wrong person to help you run your business.

5. Complicated Relationships
When people go into business with someone close to them, they risk damaging the relationship. Business partners often have differences in opinions. Sometimes, those disagreements can lead to serious misunderstandings. Because of this, a bad business partnership can devastate a relationship when the partner is a friend, spouse, or family member.

6. Liability for Your Partner’s Actions
You take responsibility for whatever happens in your business. If your partner violates any laws, you may end up in court, too. This can lead to a fine for violating government regulations, a lawsuit in the case of a civil tort or if you are found liable for damages, or possible imprisonment in the event your partner commits a criminal act.

When you have a business partner, you have the added stress of making sure you know everything your partner is doing. 

7. Your Reputation on the Line
Even if your partner doesn’t break the law, his or her actions may come back to haunt you. A shady or dishonest partner may lead to widespread distrust of your company. This may permanently damage your reputation. People 

DONT DO EVERYTHING FOR ANYTHING

Money says;find me and forget everything
Time says;followe and forget everything
Future says;struggle for me and forget everything
Heart says; do for me and forget everything
Ego says; collect everything for me and leave others without anything

But God says only remember me by abiding and adhering yourself to me through my grace and love and I will give you everything in my will which is best for you and which last forever.

You can do anything but don't abandon everything for just one thing....its OK to be someone you have studied to be but don't abandon what you are born doing ...
Be who ever but don't forget who you are...

How to become a famous business person..

The benefits of fame are clear.

Not celebrity fame, but business fame.

1. Landing clients becomes a cinch

2. Befriending influential people becomes easier than ever

3. And, the more people that know you, the more people YOU can help.

The question is how can you become “business famous?”

Become Famous
 by Alexio Fame

If you are reading this, it's probably your dream to Become Famous one day. But Becoming famous is not as hard, as everyone makes to be.

The hard part is keeping that celebrity status.

Go on any Social Media site, like YouTube and you will see people becoming celebrities overnight by doing almost anything ....

Is your goal to JUST become famous and be forgotten about within a month, then skip to the end of the article. But if you want to become famous and retain your celebrity status keep on reading.

In order to become famous and at the same time grow on your newly acquired celebrity status, you need to do the following:

Step 1: Create a Celebrity Image
Step 2: Find Your It Factor or Decide on a Reputation
Step 3: Get Exposure

HOW TO BECOME A FAMOUS BUSINESSPERSON

There are any number of businessmen who are successful. Your neighborhood must contain some of them.

How to Become Famous?
Be a Gentleman
Look at all famous businessmen. They had become famous for a variety of reasons. Ratan Tata, for instance, is known as a gentleman extraordinary. A bachelor, have you heard anything untoward said about him? And, he has money to burn! He could get anything in the world and anyone at his beck and call! He is famous for his integrity and honesty. Follow him to glory.

Be Innovative

Take the Ambani brothers. The brothers represent daring and inventiveness. They have, of course, wherewithal but how many very rich businessmen attempt everything these two do? They always think on a global scale and achieve their goal, come what may. If you can do that, you are on your way to becoming famous.

No Non-Sense Approach

Some business people are known by their non-nonsense approach to workers and their dealings with the clients. It is, in a way, easy to run a business this way. Everybody would know that you would raise hell when he fails in his job. So you become famous for digging your hells in and not budging an inch.

Famous at Small Scale

You are not a businessman on that scale? That should not really matter. A small businessman who contributes to the local welfare can become famous. Sponsor local sports and cultural programmes. Business people in movie production are famous too. Best of all, you can join politics, you are likely to become a famous businessman cum politician.

ELIMU YA UJASILIAMALI JUU YA UKULIMA WA MAHINDI

Upandaji  wa  Mahindi
1.  Mbegu   Upandaji  wa mahindi  unatakiwa ufanyike pale tu mvua  zinapoanza kunyesha,  kuchelewa kupanda  mahindi  kwa siku  moja hupunguza  uzalishaji  wa  mmea  kwa  asilimia  1  hadi  2.  Kupanda  mbegu  za  mahindi  katika  hecta  moja  kwa  mkono kunahitaji  angalau  siku tano hadi  kumi. Mbegu huwekwa kwenye shimo lenye urefu wa sentimita tano ili  kuzuia kuchipua kutokana na mvua zisizo za kweli. Kwa ekari moja kilo 8 hadi 10 za mbegu za mahindi zitahitajika na kilo 25 kwa hecta. Ili  kuwa  na  mahindi  yaliyosimama  vizuri,  inashauriwa  kuacha  nafasi  ya  sentimita  75  (mstari  kwa  mstari)  na  sentimita  30 (mbegu  kwa  mbegu)  ambazo  zitatoa  mazao  ya  mahindi  44,000  kwa  hecta  moja  katika  maeneo  yenye  mvua  za  kutosha. Au  unaweza  kuweka  nafasi  ya  75×25  ambayo  itatoa  mimea  53,000  kwa  hecta  moja.  Katika  maeneo  ambayo  ni  makavu sana inashauriwa kuongeza ukubwa wa nafasi hadi angalau 90×30.
2.  Magugu Kupalilia  mahindi  kunatakiwa  kufanyike  wiki  4  hadi  6  za  mwazo  baada  ya  kujitokeza  kwani  magugu  husababisha uharibifu mkubwa katika mahindi kwa kuchukua virutubisho ambavyo vingetumika kama chakula cha mmea. i)  Gugu  chawi/sani  (striga)                                      ii)Bungua  weupe  wa  kahawia  (stalk borer)            
    3.  Mbolea
iii) Bungua/viwavi/Funza (stem borer) Mbolea  ambazo zina chumvi  chumvi  na  zenye kuyeyuka haraka kwenye  maji  huleta madhara yafuatayo:   Huzuia viumbehai  kukua  hivyo kuharibu udongo.   Hulazimisha  mimea  kutumia hizi  chumvi  chumvi  hata  kama  mimea  haizihitaji.   Mimea inapotumia  hizi  chumvi  chumvi  kwa  kulazimishwa  ukuaji  wake  huvurugika  na  kusababisha  upungufu  wa afya na  kinga hivyo kufanya  mimea  iweze kuathiriwa  na magonjwa pamoja na  wadudu. Inashauriwa  kutumia  mbolea  ambazo  ni  endelevu/hai  na  haziyeyuki  haraka  kwenye  maji  kwa  mfano  samadi,  mboji  na mabaki  ya  mimea  ambazo  ni  nzuri  kwa  udongo,  mimea,  mazingira,  afya  na  faida  zake  ni  za  muda  mrefu.  Kama  ukitumia samadi  au  mboji,  inashauriwa  kuchanganya  mbolea  hizi  katika  udongo  kabla  ya  kupanda  mahindi  ili  kusaidia  kurutubisha ardhi  na  kuupa  mmea  chakula  na  nguvu,  baada  ya  mimea  kuota  inatakiwa  kuendelea  kuweka  mbolea  hizi  mara  kwa  mara. Pia  mbolea  hai/endelevu  husaidia  kuhifadhi  unyevu  nyevu  na  kupunguza  ukaukaji  wa  udongo.  Madini  ya  nitrogen, phosphorous  na  potassium  hupatikana  kwenye  mbolea  hai  kama  vile  samadi,  mboji,  mimea  mibichi  yenye  uwezo  wa kutengeneza  nitrogen,  mkojo  wa  mnyama  na  majivu.  Inashauriwa  kuhakikisha  kuwa  udongo  wako  unapitisha  hewa  ya kutosha ili kusaidia viumbehai waishio kwenye udongo wanaozalisha hivi virutubisho kuweza kukua.
4.  Kukomaa na kuvuna Kukomaa  kwa  mahindi  hutofautiana  kutokana  na  aina  ya  mbegu  iliyotumika.  Lakini  mahindi  mengi  huwa  yamekomaa baada  ya  miezi  mitano  hadi  saba.  Majani  ya  muhindi  yakianza  kukauka  ni  ishara  kuwa  mahindi  yamekomaa  na inashauriwa  kuyavuna  mara  moja  na  kuyahifadhi  vizuri  ili  kuzuia  hasara  ambazo  zitatokea  kutokana  na  kuharibiwa  na magonjwa au wadudu shambani kama yakicheleweshwa.

Kilimo  Mseto (mchanganyiko) Kilimo  mseto  (mchanganyiko)  ni  aina  ya  kilimo  ambayo  inajumuisha  kupanda  mazao  mawili  au  zaidi  kwenye  shamba moja  katika  wakati  mmoja.  Aina  hii  ya  kilimo  inajumuishwa  na  kilimo  hai  au  kilimo  endelevu  na  inafanyika  katika maeneo  mengi.  Katika  kilimo  mchanganyiko,  zao  moja  huwa  muhimu  kwasababu  za  kiuchumi  au  chakula  na  zao  jingine au mazao mengine hupandwa ili kusaidia hilo zao muhimu.  Dhumuni  la  kupanda  mmea  zaidi  ya  mmoja  kwenye  shamba  ni  kuongeza  mavuno  kutoka  shambani  kwa  kutumia  ardhi ambayo  isingeweza  kutumika  yote  kupanda  mmea  mmoja.  Ni  muhimu  kufanya  tathmini  ya  kina  ili  kuhakikisha  kuwa mimea haitagombania maji, mwanga wa jua, nafasi ya kukulia na virutubisho vingine kutoka katika udongo. Namna  moja wapo ya kilimo  mseto/mchanganyiko  ni  kupanda  mmea  wenye  mizizi  mirefu pamoja na mmea  wenye  mizizi mifupi  au  kupanda  mmea  mrefu  wenye  kuhitaji  jua  pamoja  na  mmea  mfupi  ambao  hauhitaji  sana  jua.  Hapa  mmea  mrefu utausaidia mmea  mfupi  kwa kuukinga na  mwanga wa moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye jua.   Miongoni  mwa  mazao  ambayo  yanaweza  kupandwa  pamoja  na  mahindi  ni  pamoja  na  Maharage,  Njegere,  karanga  na Soya (jamii ya kunde). Namna ya  kilimo mseto  kwaajili  ya kufukuza  wadudu  na kuzuia magugu  (Sukuma-Vuta) Sukuma-Vuta  ni  mfumo  wa  kilimo  ambao  hutumika  katika  kufukuza  wadudu  waharibifu  na  kuzuia  magugu  maharibifu kwenye  mahindi.  Mfumo  huu  ni  rahisi  na  nafuu  kuunda.  Itahitaji  kuwa  na  majani  ya  Napier/Elephant  grass  (matembo tembo) na Desmodium katika kutengeneza huu mfumo. Desmodium  hupandwa  katikati  ya  mistari  ya  mahindi  na  hutoa  harufu  ambayo bungua/viwavi  (stem  borer)  hawaipendi  hivyo  kuwafanya  wasije  kwenye  mahindi. Napier  grass  (matembo  tembo)  hupandwa  kuzunguka  matuta  ya  mahindi,  hutumika  kama mtego  wa  bungua/viwavi  (stem  borer)  kwani  bungua  hupendelea  zaidi  haya  majani kuliko  mahindi  na  huvutwa  kutaga  mayai.  Lakini  matembo  tembo  hayaruhusu  bungua wadogo  waliototolewa  kukua  hivyo  hutoa  kitu  fulani  kama  gundi  ambayo  huwanasa.  Hii husababisha  kutokukua  kwa  bungua  na  hivyo  kupunguza  uharibifu  na  hasara  katika mahindi. Desmodium  pia  hutumika  kuzuia  magugu  kama  vile  striga  (gugu  chawi/sani)  ambayo  ni  maharibifu  kuota.  Tafiti zinaonyesha  kuwa  majimaji  ambayo  hutolewa  na  desmodium  huzuia  striga  na  hivyo  striga  haziwezi  kuota  sehemu ambayo  desmodium  inaota.  Pia  desmodium  husaidia  kuongeza  madini  ya  nitrogen  kwenye  udongo  ambayo  ni  muhimu kwa mahindi kukua na kuzaa. Namna ya kutengeneza mfumo  wa Sukuma-Vuta
 1.  Panda majani  ya Napier  (matembo tembo)  kwenye  mipaka ya shamba lako la mahindi.
2.  Weka angalau mistari  mitatu ya  matembo tembo na angalau mikono  miwili  ya samadi  kwenye kila shimo.
 3.  Katika mwaka wa  kwanza,  panda  matembo tembo kabla ya mvua ili  yaanze kuota  kabla ya mahindi.
4.  Pata  mbegu  au  vijiti  vya  desmodium  na  kuvipanda,  kama  utatumia  mbegu  kwa  ekari  moja  kilo  moja  ya  mbegu itahitajika na  kama utatumia vitawi  basi  hakikisha  kuwa kuna mvua ya  kutosha  na  udongo una unyevunyevu.
5.  Tayarisha udongo kwa makini  ili  kuhakikisha  kuwa uko  vizuri  kisha  changanya  mbegu za desmodium.
 6.  Tumia fimbo/kijiti  kigumu  kilichochongeka kuweka  mitaro katika matuta ambapo  mahindi  yatapandwa.
7.  Panda mbegu za  mahindi  kwenye shamba lililozungukwa na  matembo tembo.
 8.  Baada ya wiki  3 hadi  6,  katia majani  ya desmodium  ili  yasizidi  katika mahindi. 9.  Hakikisha  shamba  halina  magugu  mengine  ili  matembo  tembo  yaanze  pamoja  na  mahindi.  Bungua  watapendelea zaidi matembo tembo kuliko mahindi. Faida za kutumia  mfumo  wa Sukuma-Vuta   Kuongeza  mavuno  ya  mahindi  kwa  asilimia  25  hadi  30  katika  maeneo  ambayo  bungua/viwavi  (stem  borer)  ni tatizo sugu. Kama  tatizo ni  bungua na  striga unaweza kuongeza  mavuno  mara mbili  zaidi.     Kuongeza lishe  ya ng’ombe kwa  kutumia  majani  ya matembo tembo na desmodium.   Kuongeza madini  ya nitrogen kwenye udongo ambayo  ni  muhimu kwa  mahindi.   Kubakisha unyevu nyevu na kuongeza rutuba  kwenye udongo kwa kutumia majani  ya desmodium.   Kupungua kwa kazi  ya kupalilia kwani  magugu hupungua au kutoota kabisa.  Kukinga mahindi kwa kutumia matembo tembo kuzuia upepo mkali.

Never blame a day in yo life

Dear friend never blame a day in your life;Good days give you happiness and bad days give you a special experience about life and the way you have or you need to undergo.Both are essential in life and are God's given and blessings pray and allow yourself to God himself can know how to take care of you in both.I am wishing you a wonderful experience in life my friend

NUTRITIONAL TIPS FOR WOMEN

Dietary surveys show that adolescents do not meet age and gender nutrients recommended and have inadequate intake of calcium, iron, thiamine,riboflavin and vitamin A &C....(Skiba 1997).


1.Calcium is important for normal muscles action,important component in blood clotting and it is used in construction of bones and teeth.
-calcium is important to women because it prevents osteoporosis when combined with vitamin D.Women are at risk to osteoporosis when they have reached menopause.... intake of Ca & vitamin D supplements  is advised.
-calcium is found in milk,cheese,yogurt, whole grains,edible bones of fish and green leafy.
.
.
2.Iron is important for synthesis of haemoglobin, increase maternal blood volume.
-Low iron intake to non pregnant women may lead to anaemia.
Low intake of iron to pregnant women may lead to fetal consequence like low birth weight, preterm delivery,affect cognitive and physical development of infant.
-Iron is found in liver,fish,meat and legumes.